Ulastempat International

Author: Syarif Muhamad

  • Top 10 Notable Imami People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Imami People: Well-Known Individuals

    Within the diverse tapestry of human heritages, the Imami ethnic group stands out with its rich cultural traditions and notable contributions to various fields. Hailing from various regions across the globe, prominent individuals of Imami descent have made an indelible mark on history. Here is a list of 10 celebrated celebrities and significant figures from the Imami ethnicity:

    • Prince Karim Aga Khan IV: As the 49th Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV is a revered spiritual leader and philanthropist. His dedication to cultural preservation, education, and humanitarian causes has earned him global recognition.
    • Salman Rushdie: Celebrated author and Booker Prize winner, Salman Rushdie’s captivating novels and essays have garnered international acclaim. His work often explores themes of identity, migration, and the clash between cultures.
    • Freddie Mercury: Lead vocalist and songwriter of the iconic rock band Queen, Freddie Mercury’s extraordinary vocal range and flamboyant stage presence made him a legendary figure in music history.
    • Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: Known as the “King of Qawwali,” Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s soulful renditions of Sufi devotional music captivated audiences worldwide, earning him a Grammy Award.
    • Malala Yousafzai: Activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Malala Yousafzai’s fearless advocacy for girls’ education in Pakistan made her an international symbol of courage and resilience.
    • Avicii: Swedish DJ and music producer Avicii, born Tim Bergling, gained global recognition for his electronic dance music hits, including “Wake Me Up” and “Without You.”
    • Mohamed Salah: Egyptian professional footballer playing for Liverpool F.C., Mohamed Salah is renowned for his lightning speed, dribbling skills, and goal-scoring prowess.
    • Rania al-Abdullah: As the Queen consort of Jordan, Rania al-Abdullah is an advocate for education, healthcare, and cross-cultural dialogue, using her public platform to promote social progress.
    • Amr Diab: Egyptian singer-songwriter Amr Diab is one of the most successful Arab artists of all time, with a prolific career spanning over four decades.
    • Shirin Ebadi: Iranian human rights lawyer and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Shirin Ebadi’s tireless efforts to promote human rights, particularly women’s rights, have made her an inspiration for activists worldwide.

    Most Famous Imami People

    Imami Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Imami community is a proud and ancient group that traces its roots to the early days of Islam. With a rich and diverse heritage, the Imami community has made significant contributions to the fields of religion, philosophy, and governance. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Imami heritage:

    1. The Imamate

    The concept of the Imamate is central to the Imami community. It refers to the belief in the divine appointment of twelve Imams who are considered the legitimate successors to Prophet Muhammad by the Imami Muslims. These Imams are believed to be infallible and possess divine knowledge. They are revered as spiritual and temporal leaders who provide guidance and interpretation of religious teachings.

    • The first Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib, was chosen as the successor by the Prophet Muhammad himself and is considered the spiritual father of the Imami community.
    • The twelfth and final Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to have gone into occultation and will return at the end of time as the Mahdi (the guided one) to establish justice and harmony in the world.

    2. Knowledge and Scholarship

    The Imami community has a strong tradition of knowledge and scholarship. Imami scholars have made significant contributions to fields such as Islamic jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, and mysticism. Their works have had a lasting impact on the development of Islamic thought, as well as on broader academic disciplines.

    • Imami scholars have developed sophisticated legal systems based on their interpretation of Islamic texts, emphasizing justice and equity.
    • Their contributions to philosophy include discussions on epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics, exploring the nature of reality, knowledge, and morality.
    • The Imami community has also produced renowned mystics and poets who have written inspiring works on spirituality and the love of God.

    3. Social Justice and Activism

    The Imami community has a strong commitment to social justice and activism. Throughout history, Imami scholars and leaders have been at the forefront of advocating for justice and equality, fighting against oppression and injustice.

    • Imami activists such as Musa al-Kazim and Ja’far al-Sadiq actively spoke out against the injustice and corruption of rulers during their time, risking their lives to uphold the rights of the oppressed.
    • The philanthropic traditions of the Imami community include the establishment of educational institutions, hospitals, and charitable organizations, providing much-needed assistance to those in need.
    • The Imami community continues to be at the forefront of social justice movements today, advocating for the rights of marginalized communities and working towards a more equitable society.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Ismaili, Druze and Levantine roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Imami People

    Fact Data
    Ethnicity Imami
    Region Middle East, primarily Iran
    Population Approximately 45 million people
    Language Primarily Persian (Farsi)
    Religion Twelver Shia Islam
    Culture Rich in art, literature, and poetry
    Major Cities Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz

    The Ancient Heritage of Imami Ethnic Groups

    Imami Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Imami ethnic group, also known as “Imami Arabs,” is a sub-sect of the Arab population that follows the Shia branch of Islam. They mainly reside in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where they form a significant percentage of the population. Their religious beliefs and practices are heavily influenced by their Shia heritage, with a particular emphasis on the teachings of the Imams, who they believe are appointed by divine authority to guide the Muslim community.

    To learn more about the Imami ethnic group, here are some references and resources:

    • Wikipedia: Imami – This Wikipedia article provides a general overview of the Imami ethnic group, including their historical background, religious beliefs, and cultural practices.
    • ThoughtCo: Shia 101 – This article introduces the basics of Shia Islam, including the concept of the Imams and their significance within the Shia community.
    • JSTOR: The Shia Islam of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia – This academic paper explores the religious and social aspects of Shia Islam in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, shedding light on the Imami community’s practices and experiences.
    • POMEPS: Saudi Arabia’s Shi’is and the Shift to Iranian Patronage – This research paper delves into the political dynamics between the Imami community in Saudi Arabia and their connections to Iran, exploring the influence of external factors on their religious and cultural identity.

    These references should provide a starting point for further exploration into the Imami ethnic group and their unique position within the Arab world, shaped by their Shia religious beliefs and practices.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Imami individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Top 10 Notable Ismaili People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Ismaili People: Well-Known Individuals

    The Ismaili community, a branch of Shia Islam, has produced numerous notable individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields around the world. Here are ten of the most popular celebrities and notable people from the Ismaili ethnicity:

    • Prince Karim Aga Khan IV: The current spiritual leader of the Ismaili Muslims, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV is also a renowned philanthropist and sports enthusiast. He has played a pivotal role in promoting education, healthcare, and cultural preservation initiatives.


    • Amyn Aga Khan: Son of Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, Amyn Aga Khan is a successful businessman and philanthropist. He serves as the chairman of the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development and has made significant contributions to economic development projects in various countries.


    • Princess Zahra Aga Khan: Daughter of Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, Princess Zahra Aga Khan is a renowned philanthropist and advocate for social justice. She is the founder and president of the Aga Khan University and the Aga Khan University Hospital, which provide high-quality education and healthcare services in developing countries.


    • Salman Rushdie: A prominent author, Salman Rushdie gained international recognition for his novel “Midnight’s Children,” which won the Booker Prize in 1981. His works often explore themes of identity, migration, and the clash of cultures.


    • Nizar Khaja: A celebrated Canadian journalist and author, Nizar Khaja is known for his insightful writings on Islam, politics, and social issues. He has served as the editor of The Muslim Canadian and is the author of several books, including “After Muhammad: The Coming of the Second Messiah.”


    • Yasmin Aga Khan: A former model and actress, Yasmin Aga Khan is the daughter of Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan. She is known for her philanthropic work and her commitment to promoting cross-cultural understanding.


    • Firoze Kassam: A British businessman and philanthropist, Firoze Kassam is the founder and chairman of the Kassam Group. He is known for his generosity and support of various charitable causes, including education and healthcare initiatives.


    • Aziz Kurtha: An eminent American academic, Aziz Kurtha is a professor of religious studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is a renowned expert on Ismaili history and theology and has authored several books on the subject.


    • Nazneen Contractor: A talented Canadian actress, Nazneen Contractor is known for her roles in TV shows such as “24,” “Heroes,” and “The 100.” She is also an outspoken advocate for diversity and inclusion in the entertainment industry.


    • Rahim Jaffer: A prominent Canadian politician, Rahim Jaffer served as a member of Parliament from 1997 to 2008. He was the first Ismaili Muslim to be elected to the Canadian Parliament.
    Isma'ilism (Arabic: الإسماعيلية, romanized: al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kadhim, the younger brother of Isma'il, as the true Imām.After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning (batin) of the Islamic religion. With the eventual development of Usulism and Akhbarism into the more literalistic (zahir) oriented, Shia Islam developed into two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismaili, Alevi, Bektashi, Alian, and Alawite groups focusing on the mystical path and nature of God, along with the "Imam of the Time" representing the manifestation of esoteric truth and intelligible divine reality, with the more literalistic Usuli and Akhbari groups focusing on divine law (sharia) and the deeds and sayings (sunnah) of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams who were guides and a light to God.Isma'ilism rose at one point to become the largest branch of Shia Islam, climaxing as a political power with the Fatimid Caliphate in the 10th through 12th centuries. Ismailis believe in the oneness of God, as well as the closing of divine revelation with Muhammad, whom they see as "the final Prophet and Messenger of God to all humanity". The Isma'ili and the Twelvers both accept the same six initial Imams; the Isma'ili accept Isma'il ibn Jafar as the seventh Imam. Isma'ili thought is heavily influenced by Neoplatonism.The larger sect of Ismaili are the Nizaris, who recognize Aga Khan IV as the 49th hereditary Imam, while other groups are known as the Tayyibi branch. The biggest Ismaili community is in Gorno-Badakhshan, but Isma'ilis can be found in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Yemen, Lebanon, Malaysia, Syria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, East Africa, Angola, Bangladesh, and South Africa, and have in recent years emigrated to Europe, Russia, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Trinidad and Tobago.

    Most Famous Ismaili People

    Ismaili Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Ismaili community is a branch of the Shia Muslims who follow the Ismaili sect. The Ismailis are known for their rich history and diverse heritage. They have made significant contributions in various fields, including arts, sciences, philosophy, and philanthropy.

    1. The Fatimid Caliphate

    One of the most prominent historical inheritances associated with the Ismaili heritage is the Fatimid Caliphate. The Fatimids were an Ismaili Shia dynasty that ruled parts of North Africa and the Levant from the 10th to the 12th century. They established a powerful empire known for its cultural, intellectual, and architectural achievements. The Fatimids were patrons of the arts and encouraged the flourishing of trade, learning, and religious tolerance in their territories.

    • The Fatimids built iconic architectural masterpieces such as the Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo, Egypt, and the Al-Hakim Mosque in Jerusalem, Palestine.
    • They made significant contributions to various fields, particularly in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.
    • The Fatimid Caliphate was also known for its emphasis on education, with the establishment of numerous educational institutions and libraries.

    2. The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN)

    The Ismailis have a longstanding tradition of philanthropy and community service, which is exemplified by the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). The AKDN is one of the largest private development organizations in the world, with a mission to improve the quality of life for individuals and communities in the developing world.

    • The AKDN operates in over 30 countries and covers a wide range of sectors, including health, education, rural development, culture, and economic empowerment.
    • They have implemented numerous programs and initiatives that have had a positive impact on millions of people, particularly in areas such as poverty alleviation and social and cultural development.
    • The AKDN’s approach is holistic, aiming to address multiple dimensions of development and improve the overall well-being of individuals and communities.

    3. The Ismaili Imamat

    The Ismaili Imamat is the spiritual leadership of the Ismaili community, which has a history of more than a thousand years. The Ismaili Imams are believed to be the direct descendants of Prophet Muhammad through his cousin and son-in-law, Imam Ali, and his daughter, Fatima.

    • The Ismaili Imamat is currently led by His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, who is the 49th Imam of the Ismailis.
    • The Imamat plays a crucial role in guiding and supporting the Ismaili community worldwide, providing spiritual, intellectual, and social leadership.
    • Under the leadership of the Imamat, the Ismaili community has flourished and has been actively involved in promoting peace, pluralism, and the betterment of society.

    The Ismaili community has a rich and diverse heritage, encompassing historical achievements, philanthropic endeavors, and spiritual guidance. Their contributions have had a positive and lasting impact on their community and society at large.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Druze, Levantine and Alawite roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Ismaili People

    Country Population Percentage
    Afghanistan 1,400,000 8%
    India 1,400,000 8%
    Pakistan 900,000 5%
    Tajikistan 600,000 3%
    Iran 400,000 2%
    Syria 300,000 2%
    China 200,000 1%
    Mozambique 150,000 1%
    United States 100,000 0.5%
    Canada 80,000 0.4%
    Isma'ilism (Arabic: الإسماعيلية, romanized: al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kadhim, the younger brother of Isma'il, as the true Imām.After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning (batin) of the Islamic religion. With the eventual development of Usulism and Akhbarism into the more literalistic (zahir) oriented, Shia Islam developed into two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismaili, Alevi, Bektashi, Alian, and Alawite groups focusing on the mystical path and nature of God, along with the "Imam of the Time" representing the manifestation of esoteric truth and intelligible divine reality, with the more literalistic Usuli and Akhbari groups focusing on divine law (sharia) and the deeds and sayings (sunnah) of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams who were guides and a light to God.Isma'ilism rose at one point to become the largest branch of Shia Islam, climaxing as a political power with the Fatimid Caliphate in the 10th through 12th centuries. Ismailis believe in the oneness of God, as well as the closing of divine revelation with Muhammad, whom they see as "the final Prophet and Messenger of God to all humanity". The Isma'ili and the Twelvers both accept the same six initial Imams; the Isma'ili accept Isma'il ibn Jafar as the seventh Imam. Isma'ili thought is heavily influenced by Neoplatonism.The larger sect of Ismaili are the Nizaris, who recognize Aga Khan IV as the 49th hereditary Imam, while other groups are known as the Tayyibi branch. The biggest Ismaili community is in Gorno-Badakhshan, but Isma'ilis can be found in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Yemen, Lebanon, Malaysia, Syria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, East Africa, Angola, Bangladesh, and South Africa, and have in recent years emigrated to Europe, Russia, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Trinidad and Tobago.

    The Ancient Heritage of Ismaili Ethnic Groups

    Ismaili Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Ismailis are a Shia Muslim ethnic group that traces its roots back to the early days of Islam. They are followers of the Ismaili branch of Shia Islam, which is one of the major sects within the larger Shia Muslim community. The Ismailis are known for their distinct religious and cultural practices, as well as their contributions to various fields of knowledge and art throughout history.

    • The official website of the Ismaili Muslim Community (theismaili.org) provides a wealth of information about the Ismaili faith, culture, and community. It offers articles, videos, and resources for anyone seeking to learn more about the Ismailis and their history.
    • The Institute of Ismaili Studies (iis.ac.uk) is an academic institution based in London that focuses on the study of Islam, with a particular emphasis on the Ismaili tradition. Its website offers a range of publications, research articles, and resources that delve deeper into various aspects of the Ismaili faith and community.
    • “The Ismailis: An Illustrated History” by Farhad Daftary is a comprehensive book that provides a detailed exploration of the Ismailis’ history, beliefs, and contributions to art, literature, and science. It offers a wealth of information and is a valuable resource for those interested in learning about the Ismailis.
    • “The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation” by Shafique N. Virani delves into the history of the Ismaili community during the medieval period. It explores their survival strategies, religious practices, and interactions with other Muslim and non-Muslim communities.

    These references and resources offer a starting point for individuals interested in learning more about the Ismaili ethnic group. Whether you are interested in their religious beliefs, cultural practices, or historical contributions, these sources can provide valuable insights into the rich and diverse heritage of the Ismailis.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Ismaili individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Top 10 Notable Druze People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Druze People: Well-Known Individuals

    The Druze community, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion, has produced numerous notable individuals who have made significant contributions across various fields. Here are ten of the most popular celebrities and notable people from the Druze ethnicity:

    • Salma Hayek Pinault: A Mexican-American actress, producer, and director. She has starred in numerous films, including Desperado, Frida, and Eternals. She is also a vocal advocate for social and environmental justice.


    • Amin Maalouf: A Lebanese-French writer, historian, and journalist. He is known for his novels, including “The Rock of Tanios” and “Samarkand,” which explore themes of identity, history, and cultural diversity.


    • Waleed Murad: An Israeli Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset from 1999 to 2013. He was a leading advocate for peace and coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians.


    • Majida El Roumi: A Lebanese singer and actress known for her powerful voice and wide vocal range. She has released numerous albums and performed in concerts worldwide.


    • Tawfik Ziad: An Israeli-Druze poet and politician. He was known for his political activism and his poems that explored themes of identity, social justice, and the Palestinian struggle.


    • Haifa Wehbe: A Lebanese singer, actress, and model. She is one of the most popular Arab singers and has released numerous hit songs and albums.


    • Marwan Hamed: An Egyptian film director and screenwriter. He is known for his critically acclaimed films, including “The Yacoubian Building” and “Cairo 678.”.


    • Suheir Hammad: A Palestinian-American poet, writer, and performer. She is known for her powerful and evocative work that explores themes of identity, displacement, and social justice.


    • Hala Gorani: A CNN international correspondent. She is known for her coverage of major news events, including the Arab Spring uprisings and the Syrian Civil War.


    • Michael Abdalla: A British actor known for his roles in films such as “The Kite Runner” and “The Martian.” He is also an active campaigner for refugees and asylum seekers.

    These are just a few examples of the many talented and influential individuals from the Druze community who have made significant contributions to their respective fields.

    The Druze ( DROOZ; Arabic: دَرْزِيّ, darzī or دُرْزِيّ durzī, pl. دُرُوز, durūz), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets are the unity of God and the belief in reincarnation and the eternity of the soul. Most Druze religious practices are kept secret. The Druze do not permit outsiders to convert to their religion. Marriage outside the Druze faith is rare and strongly discouraged. The Epistles of Wisdom is the foundational and central text of the Druze faith. The Druze faith incorporates elements of Isma'ili Shia, Christianity, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Pythagoreanism, and other philosophies and beliefs, creating a distinct and secretive theology based on an esoteric interpretation of scripture, which emphasizes the role of the mind and truthfulness. Druze believe in theophany and reincarnation. Druze believe that at the end of the cycle of rebirth, which is achieved through successive reincarnations, the soul is united with the Cosmic Mind (al-ʻaql al-kullī). The Druze have a special reverence for Shuaib, who they believe is the same person as the biblical Jethro. The Druze believe that Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and Imam Muhammad ibn Isma'il were prophets. Druze tradition also honors and reveres Salman the Persian, al-Khidr (whom they identify as Elijah, reborn as John the Baptist and Saint George), Job, Luke the Evangelist, and others as "mentors" and "prophets".Even though the faith originally developed out of Isma'ilism, the Druze are not Muslims. The Druze faith is one of the major religious groups in the Levant, with between 800,000 and a million adherents. They are found primarily in Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, with small communities in Jordan. They make up 5.5% of the population of Lebanon, 3% of Syria and 1.6% of Israel. The oldest and most densely-populated Druze communities exist in Mount Lebanon and in the south of Syria around Jabal al-Druze (literally the "Mountain of the Druze").The Druze community played a critically important role in shaping the history of the Levant, where it continues to play a significant political role. As a religious minority in every country in which they are found, they have frequently experienced persecution by different Muslim regimes, including contemporary Islamic extremism.

    Most Famous Druze People

    Druze Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Druze community is a religious and ethnic minority group that primarily resides in the Middle East. With a rich history and distinct religious beliefs, the Druze have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the region. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Druze heritage:

    • The Druze Philosophy:

      • One of the most remarkable aspects of the Druze community is their unique religious and philosophical system. The Druze philosophy originated in the 11th century and combines elements of Islam, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, and other beliefs. Central to their faith is the concept of “taqiyya,” which promotes the concealment of their beliefs from outsiders. This secrecy has led to a level of mystery surrounding the Druze community, making them even more intriguing to outsiders.

    • Historical Military Contributions:

      • Throughout history, the Druze community has been known for their military prowess. Their skilled warriors have played significant roles in various conflicts across the centuries. In the 19th century, for example, Druze fighters were instrumental in the Lebanese resistance against the Ottoman Empire. Their courage and strategic abilities have earned them a reputation as formidable fighters.

    • Distinct Cultural Traditions:

      • The Druze community has also preserved a distinct set of cultural traditions over the years. From their unique religious practices to their traditional clothing and cuisine, the Druze community has managed to maintain their cultural identity despite living in diverse regions. Druze food, in particular, stands out with its rich flavors and traditional dishes like tabbouleh and mansaf. This cultural heritage is treasured by the Druze and is a testament to their resilience and dedication to their traditions.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Levantine, Alawite and Kosovan roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Druze People

    Druze Ethnicity
    Region Middle East
    Main Countries Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan
    Population Approximately 1.5 million
    Language Arabic
    Religion Druze (a unique religious community with elements of Islam, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, and other philosophies)
    Majority in Mount Lebanon, Southern Syria, Galilee region in Israel, and Jebel al-Druze area in southern Syria
    The Druze ( DROOZ; Arabic: دَرْزِيّ, darzī or دُرْزِيّ durzī, pl. دُرُوز, durūz), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets are the unity of God and the belief in reincarnation and the eternity of the soul. Most Druze religious practices are kept secret. The Druze do not permit outsiders to convert to their religion. Marriage outside the Druze faith is rare and strongly discouraged. The Epistles of Wisdom is the foundational and central text of the Druze faith. The Druze faith incorporates elements of Isma'ili Shia, Christianity, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Pythagoreanism, and other philosophies and beliefs, creating a distinct and secretive theology based on an esoteric interpretation of scripture, which emphasizes the role of the mind and truthfulness. Druze believe in theophany and reincarnation. Druze believe that at the end of the cycle of rebirth, which is achieved through successive reincarnations, the soul is united with the Cosmic Mind (al-ʻaql al-kullī). The Druze have a special reverence for Shuaib, who they believe is the same person as the biblical Jethro. The Druze believe that Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and Imam Muhammad ibn Isma'il were prophets. Druze tradition also honors and reveres Salman the Persian, al-Khidr (whom they identify as Elijah, reborn as John the Baptist and Saint George), Job, Luke the Evangelist, and others as "mentors" and "prophets".Even though the faith originally developed out of Isma'ilism, the Druze are not Muslims. The Druze faith is one of the major religious groups in the Levant, with between 800,000 and a million adherents. They are found primarily in Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, with small communities in Jordan. They make up 5.5% of the population of Lebanon, 3% of Syria and 1.6% of Israel. The oldest and most densely-populated Druze communities exist in Mount Lebanon and in the south of Syria around Jabal al-Druze (literally the "Mountain of the Druze").The Druze community played a critically important role in shaping the history of the Levant, where it continues to play a significant political role. As a religious minority in every country in which they are found, they have frequently experienced persecution by different Muslim regimes, including contemporary Islamic extremism.

    The Ancient Heritage of Druze Ethnic Groups

    References to the Druze Ethnic Group

    The Druze ethnic group is a religious community with its roots in the 11th century in the Levant region. Below are some references and resources to dig deeper into the history, beliefs, and culture of the Druze people:

    • Britannica – Britannica provides an overview of the Druze religion, history, and their presence in the Middle East. It delves into their secretive nature, religious practices, and cultural traditions.
    • Druze Heritage Foundation – The Druze Heritage Foundation is dedicated to preserving and promoting Druze history, culture, and heritage. Their website contains articles, publications, and research materials on various aspects of Druze identity.
    • JSTOR – JSTOR provides scholarly articles and publications on the Druze faith, society, and political involvement in different regions. This resource offers in-depth analysis and research on the Druze ethnic group.
    • Academia.edu – Academia.edu hosts numerous academic papers and studies on the Druze religion, culture, and history. It is a valuable platform for finding scholarly research and analysis on the Druze people.

    These references and resources are a great starting point for learning more about the Druze ethnic group. They provide insights into their religious beliefs, cultural practices, and historical significance. Exploring these materials will foster a deeper understanding of the unique aspects that shape the Druze community.

    We have reached the end of our exploration into the extraordinary lives of prominent Druze. We hope this journey has been enlightening and inspiring.

  • Top 10 Notable Levantine People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Levantine People: Well-Known Individuals

    The Levantine region, comprising the eastern Mediterranean countries of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, and Israel, has produced numerous notable celebrities and influential figures throughout history. Their contributions span various fields, including music, arts, literature, politics, and science.

    • Fairuz (1935-Present): A Lebanese singer and cultural icon known as the “Diva of Lebanon,” famous for her powerful voice and traditional Arabic songs.
    • Amin Maalouf (1949-Present): A Lebanese-French writer and historian, awarded the prestigious Prix Goncourt for his novel “The Rock of Tanios.”
    • Elias Khoury (1948-Present): A Lebanese novelist and essayist, winner of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction for his book “Gate of the Sun.”
    • Rania Al-Abdullah (1970-Present): Queen Consort of Jordan, known for her advocacy for education, women’s rights, and cross-cultural dialogue.
    • Salma Hayek (1966-Present): Mexican-American actress, producer, and director, renowned for her performances in films like “Frida,” “Desperado,” and “Eternals.”
    • George Wassouf (1961-Present): Syrian singer known as the “Sultan of Tarab,” famous for his emotional performances and romantic Arabic songs.
    • Omar Sharif (1932-2015): Egyptian actor who gained international recognition for his roles in “Lawrence of Arabia,” “Doctor Zhivago,” and “Funny Girl.”
    • Edward Said (1935-2003): Palestinian-American literary critic and public intellectual, known for his influential book “Orientalism.”
    • Nawal El Saadawi (1931-2021): Egyptian writer, feminist, and physician, who addressed controversial topics like female sexuality and oppression in her works.
    • Elias James Corey (1928-Present): American organic chemist of Lebanese descent, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contributions to organic synthesis.
    Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: ‏شامي‎ šāmi or اللهجة الشامية el-lahje š-šāmiyye), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant: in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and southern Turkey (historically in Adana, Mersin and Hatay only). With over 44 million speakers, Levantine is, alongside Egyptian, one of the two prestige varieties of spoken Arabic comprehensible all over the Arab world. Levantine is not officially recognized in any state or territory. Although it is the majority language in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, it is predominantly used as a spoken vernacular in daily communication, whereas most written and official documents and media in these countries use the official Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), a form of literary Arabic only acquired through formal education that does not function as a native language. In Israel and Turkey, Levantine is a minority language. The Palestinian dialect is the closest vernacular Arabic variety to MSA, with about 50% of common words. Nevertheless, Levantine and MSA are not mutually intelligible. Levantine speakers therefore often call their language ‏العامية‎ al-ʿāmmiyya , 'slang', 'dialect', or 'colloquial'. However, with the emergence of social media, attitudes toward Levantine have improved. The amount of written Levantine has significantly increased, especially online, where Levantine is written using Arabic, Latin, or Hebrew characters. Levantine pronunciation varies greatly along social, ethnic, and geographical lines. Its grammar is similar to that shared by most vernacular varieties of Arabic. Its lexicon is overwhelmingly Arabic, with a significant Aramaic influence. The lack of written sources in Levantine makes it impossible to determine its history before the modern period. Aramaic was the dominant language in the Levant starting in the 1st millennium BCE; it coexisted with other languages, including many Arabic dialects spoken by various Arab tribes. With the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 7th century, new Arabic speakers from the Arabian Peninsula settled in the area, and a lengthy language shift from Aramaic to vernacular Arabic occurred.

    Most Famous Levantine People

    Levantine Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Levantines, also known as the Levantine community, are a diverse group of people who have historically inhabited the Levant region in the Middle East. This region includes countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, and parts of Turkey and Israel. Over the centuries, the Levantines have left a significant impact on the history, culture, and social dynamics of the region. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Levantine heritage:

    1. Trade and Commerce

    One of the most prominent contributions of the Levantine community is their involvement in trade and commerce. Dating back to ancient times, the Levantines developed a reputation for their skills as merchants and traders, establishing extensive networks across the Mediterranean and beyond. Their location at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa made the Levant an important center for trade and the exchange of goods. Levantine merchants played a crucial role in facilitating the flow of commodities such as spices, textiles, precious metals, and other luxury goods between the East and the West.

    2. Culinary Delights

    The Levantines have also left a lasting impact on the culinary traditions of the region. Levantine cuisine is renowned for its rich flavors, diverse ingredients, and unique cooking techniques. The Levantine community has passed down their culinary heritage through generations, resulting in a vibrant culinary tapestry. Some popular Levantine dishes include falafel, hummus, tabbouleh, shawarma, and baklava. These mouthwatering delicacies have gained popularity worldwide, and many Levantine restaurants and food establishments can be found in various parts of the world.

    3. Architectural Brilliance

    The Levantines have also made remarkable contributions to the architectural landscape of the region. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, during the Ottoman Empire, the Levantine community prospered and played a significant role in the development of cities such as Beirut, Jerusalem, and Istanbul. They introduced architectural styles that blended various influences, from Ottoman and Arabic to European and neoclassical. The Levantine-style buildings, characterized by their ornate facades, high ceilings, and intricate details, became iconic landmarks in these cities, showcasing the Levantines’ exquisite taste and aesthetic sensibilities.

    The Levantines have left an indelible mark on the history and culture of the Levant region. Through their involvement in trade and commerce, they helped shape the region’s economic landscape. Their culinary traditions continue to tantalize taste buds worldwide, and their architectural brilliance adorns cities with a touch of sophistication and grandeur. As an integral part of the Levantine heritage, these historical inheritances serve as a reminder of the rich and diverse tapestry of the Levantine community.

    Key Contributions of the Levantine Community:

    • Establishing extensive trade networks
    • Introducing mouthwatering Levantine cuisine
    • Contributing to the architectural brilliance of cities

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Alawite, Kosovan and Swedes roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Levantine People

    Country Population Percentage of Total Population
    Lebanon 6,825,445 100%
    Syria 21,906,000 84%
    Jordan 10,747,953 90%
    Palestine 5,101,414 100%
    Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: ‏شامي‎ šāmi or اللهجة الشامية el-lahje š-šāmiyye), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant: in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and southern Turkey (historically in Adana, Mersin and Hatay only). With over 44 million speakers, Levantine is, alongside Egyptian, one of the two prestige varieties of spoken Arabic comprehensible all over the Arab world. Levantine is not officially recognized in any state or territory. Although it is the majority language in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, it is predominantly used as a spoken vernacular in daily communication, whereas most written and official documents and media in these countries use the official Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), a form of literary Arabic only acquired through formal education that does not function as a native language. In Israel and Turkey, Levantine is a minority language. The Palestinian dialect is the closest vernacular Arabic variety to MSA, with about 50% of common words. Nevertheless, Levantine and MSA are not mutually intelligible. Levantine speakers therefore often call their language ‏العامية‎ al-ʿāmmiyya , 'slang', 'dialect', or 'colloquial'. However, with the emergence of social media, attitudes toward Levantine have improved. The amount of written Levantine has significantly increased, especially online, where Levantine is written using Arabic, Latin, or Hebrew characters. Levantine pronunciation varies greatly along social, ethnic, and geographical lines. Its grammar is similar to that shared by most vernacular varieties of Arabic. Its lexicon is overwhelmingly Arabic, with a significant Aramaic influence. The lack of written sources in Levantine makes it impossible to determine its history before the modern period. Aramaic was the dominant language in the Levant starting in the 1st millennium BCE; it coexisted with other languages, including many Arabic dialects spoken by various Arab tribes. With the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 7th century, new Arabic speakers from the Arabian Peninsula settled in the area, and a lengthy language shift from Aramaic to vernacular Arabic occurred.

    The Ancient Heritage of Levantine Ethnic Groups

    Levantine Ethnicity: References and Resources

    For those interested in delving deeper into the Levantine ethnic group, there are several references and resources available. These materials provide a wealth of information about the history, culture, and identity of the Levantine people.

    • Books:
    • “The Arabs: A History” by Eugene Rogan – This book offers a comprehensive overview of Arab history, which includes the Levantine region.
    • “The Modern Middle East: A History” by James L. Gelvin – An exploration of the region’s history, including the Levant and its significance.
    • “A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East” by David Fromkin – This book delves into the aftermath of World War I and the impact on the Levantine region.
    • Documentaries:
    • “The Ottomans: Europe’s Muslim Emperors” – A three-part documentary series by Bettany Hughes, which examines the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire, focusing on its rule over the Levant.
    • “Jerusalem: Center of the World” – A PBS documentary that explores the rich history and cultural significance of Jerusalem, a city located in the Levant.
    • Academic Journals and Articles:
    • “Journal of Levantine Studies” – A peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes research focused on the Levantine region, covering a wide range of topics.
    • “Levant: Multipart Journal for the Study of the Eastern Mediterranean” – An interdisciplinary journal that provides a platform for research on the region’s history, culture, and society.

    By utilizing these resources, individuals can gain a more in-depth understanding of the Levantine ethnic group and its place within the broader context of the Middle East and the world.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Levantine individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Noteworthy Names: The Top 10 Alawite People You Should Know

    Noteworthy Names: The Top 10 Alawite People You Should Know

    Celebrities and notable people from Alawite ethnicity include those who have made significant contributions to various fields, achieving popularity and recognition. Here’s a list of 10 prominent individuals with Alawite heritage:

    • Bashar al-Assad:

      Bashar al-Assad is the President of Syria since 2000. He is the son of Hafez al-Assad, who ruled Syria from 1971 to 2000. Bashar al-Assad is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam.

    • Hafez al-Assad:

      Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria from 1971 to 2000. He was a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. During his rule, Syria witnessed significant political and economic reforms.

    • Michel Kilo:

      Michel Kilo is a Syrian writer and political activist. He is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. Kilo has been a vocal critic of the Syrian government and has been arrested and imprisoned several times.

    • Ali Sulayman al-Ahmad:

      Ali Sulayman al-Ahmad is a Syrian politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. Al-Ahmad has held several ministerial positions in the Syrian government and has also served as the Syrian ambassador to the United States.

    • Wadih al-Safi:

      Wadih al-Safi is a Lebanese singer and composer. He is considered one of the greatest Arabic singers of all time. Al-Safi was a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. He passed away in 2013.

    • Sabah Fakhri:

      Sabah Fakhri is a Syrian singer. He is considered one of the greatest Arabic singers of all time. Fakhri was a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. He passed away in 2021.

    • Asmahan:

      Asmahan is a Syrian-Egyptian singer and actress. She is considered one of the greatest Arabic singers of all time. Asmahan was a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. She passed away in 1944.

    • Yousra:

      Yousra is an Egyptian actress. She is one of the most popular actresses in the Arab world. Yousra is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam.

    • Noreen Nashashibi:

      Noreen Nashashibi is a British-Palestinian artist and writer. She is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam. Nashashibi’s work has been exhibited in galleries and museums around the world.

    • Rami Malek:

      Rami Malek is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the television series “Mr. Robot” and the film “Bohemian Rhapsody.” Malek is a member of the Alawite sect of Islam.

    The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century. Alawites venerate Ali ibn Abi Talib, revered as the first Imam in the Twelver school, as the physical manifestation of God. The group was founded by Ibn Nusayr during the 9th century. Ibn Nusayr was a disciple of the tenth Twelver Imam, Ali al-Hadi and of the eleventh Twelver Imam, Hasan al-Askari. For this reason, Alawites are also called Nusayris.Surveys suggest Alawites represent an important portion of the Syrian population and are a significant minority in the Hatay Province of Turkey and northern Lebanon. There is also a population living in the village of Ghajar in the Golan Heights. Alawites form the dominant religious group on the Syrian coast and towns near the coast, which are also inhabited by Sunnis, Christians, and Ismailis. They are often confused with the Alevis, a distinct religious sect in Turkey.Alawites identify as a separate ethnoreligious group. The Quran is only one of their holy books and texts, and their interpretation thereof has very little in common with the Shia Muslim interpretation but is in accordance with the early Batiniyya and other ghulat sects. Alawite theology and rituals sharply differ from Shia Islam in several important ways. For instance, various Nusayrite rituals involve the drinking of wine and the sect does not prohibit the consumption of alcoholic drinks on its adherents. As a creed that teaches the symbolic/esoteric reading of Qur'anic verses, Nusayrite theology is based on the belief in reincarnation and views Ali as a divine incarnation of God. Moreover, Alawite clergy and scholarship insist that their religion is also theologically distinct from Shi'ism.Alawites have historically kept their beliefs secret from outsiders and non-initiated Alawites, so rumours about them have arisen. Arabic accounts of their beliefs tend to be partisan (either positively or negatively). However, since the early 2000s, Western scholarship on the Nusayrite religion has made significant advances. At the core of the Alawite creed is the belief in a divine Trinity, comprising three aspects of the one God. The aspects of the Trinity are Mana (meaning), Ism (Name) and Bab (Door). Nusayrite beliefs hold that these emanations underwent re-incarnation cyclically seven times in human form throughout history. According to Alawites, the seventh incarnation of the trinity consists of Ali, Muhammad and Salman al-Farisi.Alawites, considered disbelievers by classical Sunni and Shi'ite theologians, faced periods of subjugation or persecution under various Muslim empires such as the Ottomans, Abbasids, Mamluks, and others. The establishment of the French Mandate of Syria in 1920 marked a turning point in Alawite history. Until then, the community had commonly self-identified as "Nusayris", emphasizing their connections to Ibn Nusayr. French administration prescribed the label "Alawite" to categorise the sect alongside Shiism in official documents. French recruited a large number of minorities into their armed forces and created exclusive areas for minorities, including the Alawite State. Alawite State was later dismantled, but the Alawites continued to play a significant role in the Syrian military and later in the Ba'ath Party. Since Hafiz al Assad's seizure of power during the 1970 coup; the Ba'athist state has enforced Assadist ideology amongst Alawites to supplant their traditional identity. During the Syrian revolution, communal tensions were further exacerbated, as the country was destabilized into a full-scale civil war.

    Most Famous Alawite People

    Alawite Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Alawite community is a religious and ethnic group primarily located in Syria. They follow the Alawite sect of Islam, which is distinct from mainstream Sunni and Shia Islam. The Alawites have a rich and complex history, and their heritage is characterized by several notable historical inheritances. Here are three of the most well-known:

    1. Heterodox Islamic Beliefs:

    • The Alawite community holds unique and sometimes controversial beliefs that differentiate them from other branches of Islam. They incorporate elements of Gnostic, esoteric, and syncretic religious practices into their faith. These beliefs have led to many misconceptions and misunderstandings about the Alawite community.
    • One prominent feature of Alawite belief is their veneration of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, which sets them apart from mainstream Sunni Islam. They consider Ali to be the embodiment of divinity and believe in a line of spiritual successors stemming from him.
    • Alawites also have a secretive nature when it comes to their religious practices, and their religious rituals are limited to a select few initiates who undergo a series of initiations and ceremonies. This secrecy has contributed to their mystique and has sparked interest and curiosity among scholars and observers alike.

    2. Historical Significance and Political Power:

    • Throughout history, the Alawite community has experienced periods of marginalization as well as periods of political influence and power. Perhaps the most notable example of their rise to power was during the tenure of the Assad family in Syria.
    • The Assad family, who are Alawites, has held the presidency in Syria since 1971. This has granted the Alawite community a significant level of political power and influence in the country. However, the Assad regime’s rule has also been marked by sectarian tensions and conflict.
    • Despite this political power, the Alawite community has faced discrimination and persecution in different periods of history due to their heterodox beliefs. This has led to a sense of solidarity and resilience among the Alawite people and has shaped their identity as a minority community in the region.

    3. Cultural Traditions and Folklore:

    • The Alawite community has a rich heritage of cultural traditions and folklore that have been passed down through generations. Their cultural practices are heavily influenced by their religious beliefs and regional customs.
    • Alawite celebrations and festivals often include music, dance, and communal gatherings. These ceremonies serve as a way to strengthen community bonds and reinforce their distinct identity.
    • Alawite folklore includes tales of saints, mythical creatures, and legends that span centuries. These stories have been an integral part of Alawite culture and oral tradition, preserving their unique heritage.

    Overall, the Alawite community’s historical inheritances are deeply intertwined with their religious beliefs, political power dynamics, and cultural practices. Their complex heritage provides a multifaceted lens through which to examine and understand the Alawite community’s identity and place in Syrian society.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Kosovan, Swedes and Thais roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Alawite People

    Country Population Percentage of Total Population Region
    Syria 2,600,000 12% Latakia, Tartus, and Homs provinces
    Turkey 300,000 0.3% Adana, Hatay, and Mersin provinces
    Lebanon 200,000 4% Tripoli, Akkar, and Hermel districts
    Jordan 80,000 1% Irbid, Mafraq, and Zarqa provinces
    Israel 20,000 0.2% Galilee region
    The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century. Alawites venerate Ali ibn Abi Talib, revered as the first Imam in the Twelver school, as the physical manifestation of God. The group was founded by Ibn Nusayr during the 9th century. Ibn Nusayr was a disciple of the tenth Twelver Imam, Ali al-Hadi and of the eleventh Twelver Imam, Hasan al-Askari. For this reason, Alawites are also called Nusayris.Surveys suggest Alawites represent an important portion of the Syrian population and are a significant minority in the Hatay Province of Turkey and northern Lebanon. There is also a population living in the village of Ghajar in the Golan Heights. Alawites form the dominant religious group on the Syrian coast and towns near the coast, which are also inhabited by Sunnis, Christians, and Ismailis. They are often confused with the Alevis, a distinct religious sect in Turkey.Alawites identify as a separate ethnoreligious group. The Quran is only one of their holy books and texts, and their interpretation thereof has very little in common with the Shia Muslim interpretation but is in accordance with the early Batiniyya and other ghulat sects. Alawite theology and rituals sharply differ from Shia Islam in several important ways. For instance, various Nusayrite rituals involve the drinking of wine and the sect does not prohibit the consumption of alcoholic drinks on its adherents. As a creed that teaches the symbolic/esoteric reading of Qur'anic verses, Nusayrite theology is based on the belief in reincarnation and views Ali as a divine incarnation of God. Moreover, Alawite clergy and scholarship insist that their religion is also theologically distinct from Shi'ism.Alawites have historically kept their beliefs secret from outsiders and non-initiated Alawites, so rumours about them have arisen. Arabic accounts of their beliefs tend to be partisan (either positively or negatively). However, since the early 2000s, Western scholarship on the Nusayrite religion has made significant advances. At the core of the Alawite creed is the belief in a divine Trinity, comprising three aspects of the one God. The aspects of the Trinity are Mana (meaning), Ism (Name) and Bab (Door). Nusayrite beliefs hold that these emanations underwent re-incarnation cyclically seven times in human form throughout history. According to Alawites, the seventh incarnation of the trinity consists of Ali, Muhammad and Salman al-Farisi.Alawites, considered disbelievers by classical Sunni and Shi'ite theologians, faced periods of subjugation or persecution under various Muslim empires such as the Ottomans, Abbasids, Mamluks, and others. The establishment of the French Mandate of Syria in 1920 marked a turning point in Alawite history. Until then, the community had commonly self-identified as "Nusayris", emphasizing their connections to Ibn Nusayr. French administration prescribed the label "Alawite" to categorise the sect alongside Shiism in official documents. French recruited a large number of minorities into their armed forces and created exclusive areas for minorities, including the Alawite State. Alawite State was later dismantled, but the Alawites continued to play a significant role in the Syrian military and later in the Ba'ath Party. Since Hafiz al Assad's seizure of power during the 1970 coup; the Ba'athist state has enforced Assadist ideology amongst Alawites to supplant their traditional identity. During the Syrian revolution, communal tensions were further exacerbated, as the country was destabilized into a full-scale civil war.

    The Ancient Heritage of Alawite Ethnic Groups

    References to the Alawite Ethnic Group

    Here are some references and resources to dig deeper into the Alawite ethnic group:

    • “The Alawis of Syria: War, Faith and Politics in the Levant” by Michael Kerr and Craig Larkin: This book delves into the history, religious beliefs, and political dynamics surrounding the Alawite community in Syria.
    • “Minority Politics in the Middle East and North Africa” edited by Elie Podeh and Onn Winckler: This compilation of essays explores the role of minority groups, including the Alawites, in the political landscape of the Middle East and North Africa.
    • “The New Lion of Damascus: Bashar al-Asad and Modern Syria” by David Lesch: While not solely focused on the Alawites, this book provides valuable insights into the rise to power of Bashar al-Assad and his relationship with the Alawite community.
    • “The Alawites in Syria: War, Religion, and Politics” by Laura Ruiz de Elvira Carrió: This academic study examines the history, culture, and religious practices of the Alawites, with a particular focus on their role during the Syrian civil war.
    • “Islam and the Baha’i Faith: A Comparative Study of Muhammad Abduh and Abdul-Baha Abbas” by Omid Ghaemmaghami: This book explores the connections and tensions between Alawite religious beliefs and the Baha’i faith in Syria.

    The Alawite ethnic group is a predominantly Shia Muslim community primarily located in Syria. They have a distinct religious identity and are considered an offshoot of Shia Islam, though with significant syncretic elements incorporating elements of Christianity and folk beliefs. Historically, the Alawites faced discrimination and marginalization in Syria, but gained political prominence during the rule of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar al-Assad. In recent years, the Alawite community has faced intense scrutiny and criticism due to their perceived association with the Assad regime’s human rights abuses during the Syrian civil war.

    While the listed references provide valuable insights into the Alawite community, it’s important to approach the topic with an open mind and critically assess multiple sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of the Alawite ethnic group.

    As we continue to celebrate diversity and embrace the richness of different cultures, let us honor and draw inspiration from these remarkable individuals who have shaped our world. Thank you for joining us on this captivating journey.

  • Top 10 Notable Kosovan People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Kosovan People: Well-Known Individuals

    Kosovo, a nation in Southeastern Europe, has produced several notable celebrities and individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields, including music, sports, politics, and humanitarian work. Here are ten of the most popular celebrities and notable people of Kosovan ethnicity:

    • Dua Lipa: Dua Lipa is a British singer, songwriter, and model. Born in London to Kosovar-Albanian parents, she rose to fame with her hit singles “New Rules” and “IDGAF.” She has received numerous awards, including three Brit Awards, two Grammy Awards, and an MTV Video Music Award.
    • Rita Ora: Rita Ora is a British singer, songwriter, and actress. Born in Pristina, Kosovo, she moved to London as a child. She gained recognition for her collaborations with DJ Fresh and Tinie Tempah. Ora has released several successful albums and singles, including “Hot Right Now,” “R.I.P.,” and “I Will Never Let You Down.”
    • Bebe Rexha: Bebe Rexha is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born in Brooklyn, New York to Albanian parents from Kosovo, she began her career as a songwriter, penning songs for artists such as Eminem, Rihanna, and Selena Gomez. Rexha has since released several successful albums and singles, including “Me, Myself & I,” “I’m a Mess,” and “In the Name of Love.”
    • Ava Max: Ava Max is an American singer and songwriter. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Albanian parents from Kosovo, she rose to fame with her hit single “Sweet but Psycho.” Max has since released several successful albums and singles, including “Kings & Queens,” “So Am I,” and “Who’s Laughing Now.”
    • Edon Zhegrova: Edon Zhegrova is a Kosovan professional footballer. Born in Pristina, Kosovo, he plays as a winger for KF Prishtina and the Kosovo national team. Zhegrova has represented Kosovo at various levels and has scored several goals for the national team.
    • Milot Rashica: Milot Rashica is a Kosovan professional footballer. Born in Vushtrri, Kosovo, he plays as a forward for Norwich City and the Kosovo national team. Rashica has represented Kosovo at various levels and has scored several goals for the national team.
    • Valon Behrami: Valon Behrami is a Swiss professional footballer. Born in Mitrovica, Kosovo, he plays as a midfielder for Genoa and the Swiss national team. Behrami has represented Switzerland at various levels and has made over 80 appearances for the national team.
    • Xherdan Shaqiri: Xherdan Shaqiri is a Swiss professional footballer. Born in Gjilan, Kosovo, he plays as a winger for Liverpool and the Swiss national team. Shaqiri has represented Switzerland at various levels and has made over 100 appearances for the national team.
    • Enver Hoxha: Enver Hoxha was an Albanian politician who served as the leader of Albania from 1944 to 1985. He was a staunch communist and isolated Albania from most of the world during his rule. Hoxha was a controversial figure, but he is still revered by some Albanians.
    • Ibrahim Rugova: Ibrahim Rugova was a Kosovan Albanian politician who served as the first president of Kosovo from 2002 to 2006. He was a prominent figure in the nonviolent resistance movement against Serbian rule in Kosovo. Rugova was a respected leader and is considered a national hero by many Kosovars.
    List of Scots is an incomplete list of notable people from Scotland.

    Most Famous Kosovan People

    Kosovan Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Kosovan community is a diverse and culturally-rich group with a fascinating history. Located in the heart of the Balkans, Kosovo has been influenced by various civilizations throughout the centuries. This unique blend of cultures has left a lasting impact on the traditions and customs of the Kosovan people. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Kosovan heritage:

    1. Ottoman Empire Influence: The Ottoman Empire ruled over Kosovo for almost 500 years, from the late 14th century until the early 20th century. During this time, the Ottomans left a significant mark on Kosovan culture. This influence can be seen in the architectural style of many mosques, such as the Sultan Mehmet Fatih Mosque in Pristina. Ottoman cuisine has also had a lasting impact on the culinary traditions of Kosovo, with dishes like baklava and kebabs still being popular today.

    • The Ottoman Empire ruled over Kosovo for almost 500 years.
    • Ottoman architectural style can be seen in many mosques in Kosovo.
    • Ottoman cuisine has had a lasting impact on Kosovan culinary traditions.

    2. Illyrian Legacy: The Illyrians were an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the Balkans before the Roman conquest. Their legacy can still be seen in Kosovo through archaeological sites and artifacts. One of the most prominent Illyrian sites is the city of Ulpiana, which was a major center during the Roman era. The Illyrian influence on Kosovan culture is also evident in traditional folk dances and music, which often incorporate elements from ancient Illyrian rituals.

    • The Illyrians were an ancient Indo-European people.
    • Archaeological sites like Ulpiana showcase the Illyrian legacy in Kosovo.
    • Illyrian influence can be seen in traditional folk dances and music.

    3. Serbian Orthodox Heritage: Kosovo holds great significance in Serbian Orthodox Christianity. The Serbian Orthodox Church has a strong presence in the region, with numerous monasteries and churches scattered throughout the countryside. One of the most notable sites is the Visoki Dečani Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its exquisite frescoes. These religious landmarks serve as a testament to the deep spiritual connection between the Kosovan people and their Serbian Orthodox heritage.

    • The Serbian Orthodox Church has a significant presence in Kosovo.
    • Visoki Dečani Monastery is a notable Serbian Orthodox site in Kosovo.
    • Kosovan people have a deep spiritual connection to their Serbian Orthodox heritage.

    These historical inheritances are just a glimpse into the rich tapestry of the Kosovan community. They serve as a reminder of the diverse cultural influences that have shaped the traditions and identity of the Kosovan people throughout the centuries.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Swedes, Thais and Maroon roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Kosovan People

    Demographics Distribution
    Total Population 1,800,000
    Ethnicity Kosovan
    Official Language Albanian, Serbian
    Religion Islam, Christianity
    Capital City Pristina
    Largest City Prizren
    Area 10,908 km²
    HDI (2019) 0.795 (high)
    Kosovars or Kosovans are the citizens of Kosovo. Kosovars are predominantly ethnic Albanians. Kosovar citizenship is acquired by birth, adoption, naturalization, international treaties, or through some other specific forms.

    The Ancient Heritage of Kosovan Ethnic Groups

    References to the Kosovan Ethnic Group

    The ethnic group in Kosovo primarily consists of Albanians, who make up the majority of the population. However, there are also other minority ethnic groups, such as Serbs, Bosniaks, Romani, and Turks, among others. Understanding the history, culture, and current situation of the Kosovan ethnic groups can provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of this region. Here are some references and resources to dig deeper:

    These resources offer a starting point to learn more about the diverse ethnic groups in Kosovo. Each source provides unique perspectives and insights, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of their history, culture, challenges, and aspirations.

    We have reached the end of our exploration into the extraordinary lives of prominent Kosovan. We hope this journey has been enlightening and inspiring.

  • Swedes Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    Swedes Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    Sweden has produced a wealth of talented and influential individuals who have made significant contributions in various fields. Here’s a list of ten widely recognized celebrities and notable people of Swedish descent:

    • Greta Thunberg: Environmental activist known for her efforts to raise awareness about climate change, inspiring global movements and policy changes.
    • Ingrid Bergman: Acclaimed actress who starred in numerous Hollywood films and won three Academy Awards for her performances, including “Casablanca” and “Gaslight.”
    • Avicii: Electronic music producer and DJ known for his hit songs like “Wake Me Up” and “Levels,” shaping the modern EDM landscape.
    • Björn Borg: Tennis legend and one of the greatest tennis players of all time, winning 11 Grand Slam titles and revolutionizing the sport with his aggressive playing style.
    • Anders Celsius: Scientist and astronomer who developed the Celsius temperature scale, which is widely used around the world and named in his honor.
    • Ingmar Bergman: Film director and screenwriter considered one of the most influential filmmakers of all time, known for his complex and introspective films such as “The Seventh Seal” and “Persona.”
    • Zlatan Ibrahimović: Football player recognized as one of the greatest strikers of his generation, having scored over 500 goals for various clubs and the Swedish national team.
    • Alfred Nobel: Inventor, engineer, and philanthropist who is most famous for establishing the Nobel Prizes, awarded annually to individuals and organizations for outstanding achievements in various fields.
    • Astrid Lindgren: Children’s author whose works, including “Pippi Longstocking,” are beloved by readers worldwide and have been translated into over 100 languages.
    • ABBA: Pop group that achieved global success in the 1970s with hits like “Dancing Queen” and “Waterloo,” becoming one of the best-selling music acts of all time.
    This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Kievan Rus', and other predecessor states of Russia. Regardless of ethnicity or emigration, the list includes famous natives of Russia and its predecessor states, as well as people who were born elsewhere but spent most of their active life in Russia. For more information, see the articles Rossiyane, Russians and Demographics of Russia. For specific lists of Russians, see Category:Lists of Russian people and Category:Russian people.

    Most Famous Swedes People

    Swedes Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Swedes community is one of the most well-known and influential groups in history. Originally hailing from the Scandinavian country of Sweden, the Swedes have made significant contributions to various fields, including culture, science, and exploration. Throughout their history, they have left a lasting impact on the world, with several historical inheritances that are still celebrated and remembered today.

    Gustavus Adolphus and the Swedish Empire

    One of the most influential periods in Swedes history was during the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, also known as Gustav II Adolf. He ascended the Swedish throne in 1611 and went on to lead Sweden to become one of the most powerful empires in Europe during the 17th century. Under his rule, Gustavus Adolphus transformed the Swedish military into a formidable force and initiated crucial reforms that laid the foundation for modern warfare. He is particularly remembered for his successful military campaigns during the Thirty Years’ War, which elevated Sweden to a position of prominence on the European stage.

    Carl Linnaeus and Taxonomy

    Carl Linnaeus, often referred to as the “father of modern taxonomy,” was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist. He revolutionized the way we classify and name living organisms by developing a systematic and hierarchical system known as binomial nomenclature. Linnaeus’s work provided a standardized way to identify and categorize species, which is still widely used in the field of biology today. His contributions to the field of taxonomy have had a profound and lasting impact, allowing scientists to better understand the diversity and interconnectedness of the natural world.

    The Viking Heritage

    The Swedes community traces their roots back to the Viking age, which spanned from the late 8th century to the early 11th century. Vikings were skilled seafarers and warriors who embarked on voyages of exploration, trade, and colonization. They left their mark on various parts of Europe, including Britain, Ireland, and France. The Viking heritage is an integral part of Swedish history, with many cultural traditions and symbols still tied to this period. Today, visitors to Sweden can explore Viking-era artifacts and historical sites, gaining a deeper understanding of this influential period in Swedes history.

    Notable Swedes Inheritances:

    • Gustavus Adolphus and the Swedish Empire
    • Carl Linnaeus and Taxonomy
    • The Viking Heritage

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Thais, Maroon and Hindustani roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Swedes People

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    Location Percentage of Swedes
    Sweden 100%
    Finland 6.5%
    Norway 3.7%
    Denmark 3.2%
    United States 2.6%
    Germany 1.2%
    United Kingdom 1.1%
    Canada 0.9%
    Netherlands 0.7%
    France 0.6%
    Swedes (Swedish: svenskar) are an ethnic group native to the Nordic region, primarily their nation state of Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland where they are an officially recognized minority, with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States.

    The Ancient Heritage of Swedes Ethnic Groups

    References to the Swedes Ethnic Group

    For those interested in learning more about the Swedes ethnic group, there are several references and resources available to explore. These sources provide valuable insights into the history, culture, language, traditions, and contributions of the Swedish people.

    • “The Swedes: A History” by Elisabeth Elmevik: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the history of Sweden and its people, from ancient times to the present day. It covers political, social, and cultural aspects, providing a well-rounded understanding of the Swedes.
    • “Sweden: The Nation’s History” by Frank E. Ringström: This resource delves into the history of Sweden, including its people, society, and politics. It explores various eras and events, shedding light on the development of the Swedish identity.
    • “Swedish Mentality” by Åke Daun: This book explores the psychology and characteristics of the Swedish people, providing profound insights into their national identity, social norms, and values. It offers an intriguing perspective on the Swedes’ mindset.
    • “A Concise Swedish Grammar” by Åke Viberg, Inger Rosengren, and Karin Aijmer: This grammar book is an excellent resource for those interested in learning the Swedish language or understanding its structure and rules. It provides clear explanations and examples to facilitate language learning.
    • Swedish Institute: The Swedish Institute’s website (www.si.se) offers a wealth of information about Sweden, its culture, history, and society. It provides access to publications, articles, videos, and resources that shed light on the Swedes and their way of life.

    By exploring these references and resources, individuals can delve deeper into the fascinating world of the Swedes ethnic group. Whether it is understanding their history, cultural practices, or language, these sources offer valuable insights and knowledge to those interested in the Swedish people.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Swedes individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Top 10 Celebrities with Thais Heritage

    Top 10 Celebrities with Thais Heritage

    Thailand has produced a number of notable celebrities and popular figures who have gained recognition both within the country and internationally. These individuals have made significant contributions to various fields such as entertainment, sports, business, politics, and culture. Here are ten of the most popular and influential celebrities and notable people of Thai ethnicity:

    • Tony Jaa: A renowned martial artist, actor, director, and stuntman, Tony Jaa is widely recognized for his unique and innovative style of martial arts known as Muay Thai. He gained international fame after starring in the popular action film “Ong-Bak” and its sequels.
    • Michelle Yeoh: A Malaysian-born actress of Chinese-Thai descent, Michelle Yeoh has achieved global recognition for her versatile performances in various films. She has won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award, and is known for her roles in movies such as “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon,” “Crazy Rich Asians,” and “Everything Everywhere All at Once.”
    • Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: A highly respected and influential Buddhist monk, scholar, and meditation teacher. He is known for his teachings on the nature of reality, impermanence, and the path to liberation from suffering. His writings and lectures have had a profound impact on Buddhism and have inspired many people worldwide.
    • Yingluck Shinawatra: Thailand’s first female prime minister, Yingluck Shinawatra served from 2011 to 2014. She is the younger sister of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Her tenure as prime minister was marked by both political and economic challenges, including the 2010-2011 floods and the subsequent political unrest.
    • Prayut Chan-o-cha: Prayut Chan-o-cha is a Thai politician, military officer, and former Prime Minister of Thailand. He is known for his role as the leader of the 2014 military coup and his subsequent appointment as Prime Minister by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO).
    • Santiphap “Mew” Thanaphong: A Thai model, actor, and singer, Santiphap Thanaphong, better known as Mew, has gained immense popularity in recent years, particularly for his roles in popular BL (boys’ love) dramas such as “TharnType” and “I Told Sunset About You.” Mew has also released several successful singles and has a large fan following both in Thailand and internationally.
    • Lisa Manoban: A Thai rapper, singer, and dancer, Lisa Manoban is a member of the popular K-pop girl group Blackpink. She is known for her captivating stage presence, rap skills, and dancing abilities. Lisa has also achieved success as a solo artist, releasing hit singles like “Lalisa” and “Money.” She has gained a massive global following and is considered one of the most popular and influential K-pop idols.
    • Phra Payom Kalayanamitra: A highly revered Thai Buddhist monk, scholar, and meditation master, Phra Payom Kalayanamitra is known for his teachings on mindfulness, compassion, and the development of spiritual qualities. He has established several meditation centers and retreat facilities in Thailand and has inspired many people to embark on the path of spiritual practice.
    • Chalermchai Kositpipat: A prominent Thai businessman and politician. He is the former president of the Siam Cement Group, Thailand’s largest cement manufacturer. Chalermchai is known for his philanthropy and support of education and healthcare initiatives. He has also served as a member of the Thai Senate and as a minister in the Thai government.
    • Pojaman Shinawatra: A Thai politician and the wife of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. She is known for her involvement in politics and her support for her husband’s policies. Pojaman has been a controversial figure, facing allegations of corruption and abuse of power. She has also been involved in several legal battles, including a high-profile case related to the sale of land in Bangkok.
    Thaïs or Thais (Greek: Θαΐς; flourished 4th century BC) was a famous Greek hetaira who accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns. Likely from Athens, she is most famous for instigating the burning of Persepolis. At the time, Thaïs was the lover of Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander's close companions and generals. It has been suggested that she may also have been Alexander's lover, on the basis of Athenaeus's statement that Alexander liked to "keep Thaïs with him", but this may simply mean he enjoyed her company, as she is said to have been very witty and entertaining. Athenaeus also says that after Alexander's death Ptolemy married Thaïs, who bore three of his children, and may also have become a Queen of Egypt.

    Most Famous Thais People

    Thais Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Thais community is known for their rich historical heritage, which has been passed down through generations. From art and architecture to language and customs, the Thais have preserved their unique culture and traditions. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Thais heritage:

    • Buddhism:

      Buddhism plays a significant role in the Thais community. The country is predominantly Buddhist, with over 90% of the population practicing this religion. The Thais have embraced Buddhism, and it has become an integral part of their daily lives. Temples, or “wat,” can be found in every village and city, where locals gather to offer prayers and participate in religious ceremonies. Buddhist teachings influence moral values, social norms, and even the country’s political landscape.

    • Traditional Thai Cuisine:

      Thai cuisine is internationally renowned for its vibrant flavors and unique combination of sweet, spicy, sour, and salty tastes. Thai food is a reflection of the country’s diverse culture and heritage. Influenced by neighboring countries such as China, India, and Malaysia, traditional Thai dishes incorporate a variety of ingredients, including aromatic herbs, fresh vegetables, seafood, and rice. From the famous pad Thai to the flavorful green curry, Thai cuisine is an integral part of the Thais identity.

    • Thai Traditional Dance:

      Thai traditional dance is an elegant form of art that tells stories and legends of the country’s past. Whether it’s the graceful movements of the classical khon dance or the lively steps of the folk dance, Thai traditional dance is characterized by intricate hand gestures, elaborate costumes, and rhythmic music. These dances are often performed during religious ceremonies, festivals, and special occasions, preserving the cultural heritage of the Thais community.

    The Thais community takes immense pride in their historical inheritances and strives to pass them on to future generations. These three aspects are just a glimpse into the immense richness and depth of the Thais culture. From Buddhism to traditional cuisine and dance, the Thais heritage continues to influence and shape their way of life.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Maroon, Hindustani and Berti roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Thais People

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    Ethnic Group Distribution Population
    Central Thai Central Thailand 25 million
    Isan Northeastern Thailand 23 million
    Northern Thai Northern Thailand 9 million
    Southern Thai Southern Thailand 8 million
    Thai Chinese Throughout Thailand 7 million
    Thai Malay Southern Thailand 4 million
    Thai Khmer Eastern Thailand 1 million
    Thai Lao Eastern and Northern Thailand 1 million
    Thai Viet Eastern Thailand 500,000
    Thai people (Thai: ชาวไทย; endonym), Central Thai people (Thai: คนภาคกลาง; exonym and also domestically), Southern Thai people (Southern Thai: คนใต้; exonym and also domestically), Dambro (Thai: ตามโพร), Siamese (Thai: ชาวสยาม; historical exonym and sometimes domestically), Tai Noi people (Thai: ไทน้อย; historical endonym and sometimes domestically), Thai Siam (Thai: ไทยสยาม), Chao Phraya Thai (Thai: ไทยลุ่มเจ้าพระยา), are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Thailand. In a narrower sense, the Thais are also a Tai ethnic group dominant in Central and Southern Thailand (Siam proper). Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as Southern China and Northeast India, Thais speak the Sukhothai languages (Central Thai and Southern Thai language), which is classified as part of the Kra–Dai family of languages. The majority of Thais are followers of Theravada Buddhism. Government policies during the late 1930s and early 1940s resulted in the successful forced assimilation of various ethno-linguistic groups into the country's dominant Central Thai language and culture, leading to the term Thai people to come to refer to the population of Thailand overall. This includes other subgroups of the Tai ethno-linguistic group, such as the Yuan people and the Isan people, as well as non-Southeast Asian and non-Tai groups, the largest of which is that of the Han Chinese, who form a substantial minority ethnic group in Thailand.

    The Ancient Heritage of Thais Ethnic Groups

    Thais Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Thais are an ethnic group primarily living in Thailand and parts of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, and Malaysia. They are the largest ethnic group in Thailand, making up about 90% of the population. The Thais have a rich cultural heritage and a fascinating history, and there are several references and resources available to dig deeper into their traditions, customs, and way of life.

    • “Thailand: History, Politics and the Rule of Law” by James Wise is a comprehensive book that explores the history of Thailand, including the origins of the Thai people, their migration patterns, and their interactions with neighboring countries. It delves into the politics and rule of law in Thailand, providing a broader understanding of the country and its people.
    • “Thai Ways” by Denis Segaller is a highly recommended book for understanding Thai culture and customs. It covers various aspects of Thai life, including religion, social hierarchy, etiquette, and traditions. It offers invaluable insights into the Thais’ way of thinking and living.
    • “Thailand: A Short History” by David K. Wyatt provides a concise overview of Thai history, tracing the roots of the Thai people and their development as a nation. It explores the major historical events, political changes, and cultural transformations that have shaped Thailand and its people.
    • “Thailand: Buddhism, Society, and Women” by Annabel Moorsel examines the role of Buddhism in Thai society and its influence on gender roles and women’s empowerment. It explores the intersection of religion, culture, and gender in Thailand, shedding light on the complex dynamics within the Thai society.

    In addition to these books, there are various online resources, documentaries, and academic papers that provide further insights into the Thais ethnic group. Some of these include:

    • Research papers from academic journals such as the “Journal of Southeast Asian Studies” and the “Asian Ethnicity” journal, which publish scholarly articles on various aspects of Thai culture, history, and society.
    • Ethnographic studies by anthropologists and researchers who have conducted fieldwork in Thailand and have written in-depth accounts of the Thais’ daily life, traditions, and rituals.
    • Documentaries and films that focus on Thai history, culture, and traditions. Some notable documentaries include “The Great River: Thailand” and “My Thai Bride,” which give insights into different aspects of Thai society.
    • Thai cultural festivals and events that can provide a firsthand experience of Thai traditions, such as the Songkran Water Festival, Loy Krathong, and the Phi Ta Khon Ghost Mask Festival.

    By exploring these references and resources, one can gain a deeper understanding of the Thais ethnic group, their history, cultural practices, and the diverse societies in which they reside.

    We have reached the end of our exploration into the extraordinary lives of prominent Thais. We hope this journey has been enlightening and inspiring.

  • Top 10 Celebrities Embracing Maroon Roots

    Top 10 Celebrities Embracing Maroon Roots

    The Maroon people are a group of people of African descent who live in the Caribbean and South America. They are descended from escaped enslaved Africans who established their own communities in the mountainous regions of these areas. Maroons are known for their strong sense of community, their rich cultural traditions, and their resilience in the face of adversity. Some of the most popular celebrities and notable people from Maroon ethnicity include:

    • Marcus Garvey: A Jamaican-born activist and leader of the Pan-African movement in the early 20th century. He was a strong advocate for black empowerment and self-reliance, and his ideas had a profound impact on the civil rights movement in the United States and the decolonization of Africa.
    • Bob Marley: A Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician who is considered to be one of the most influential figures in reggae music. His songs often dealt with themes of social justice, peace, and unity, and he became an international icon of peace and love.

    • Usain Bolt: A Jamaican sprinter who is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. He holds the world records in the 100-meter and 200-meter races, and he won eight gold medals at the Olympic Games.
    • Veronica Campbell-Brown: A Jamaican sprinter who is one of the most decorated female athletes in Olympic history. She has won three gold medals, two silver medals, and one bronze medal at the Olympic Games, and she holds the world record in the women’s 200-meter race.

    • Asafa Powell: A Jamaican sprinter who is the former world record holder in the 100-meter race. He has won three gold medals at the World Championships, and he has also won several medals at the Olympic Games.

    • Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce: A Jamaican sprinter who is a two-time Olympic champion in the 100-meter race. She has also won four gold medals at the World Championships, and she is one of the most successful female sprinters of all time.

    • Nesta Carter: A Jamaican sprinter who was a member of the Jamaican team that won the gold medal in the 4×100-meter relay at the 2012 Olympic Games. He was also a member of the Jamaican team that won the silver medal in the 4×100-meter relay at the 2008 Olympic Games.
    • Michael Frater: A Jamaican sprinter who was a member of the Jamaican team that won the gold medal in the 4×100-meter relay at the 2012 Olympic Games. He was also a member of the Jamaican team that won the silver medal in the 4×100-meter relay at the 2008 Olympic Games.
    • Yohan Blake: A Jamaican sprinter who is a two-time Olympic medalist in the 100-meter race. He has also won three gold medals at the World Championships, and he is one of the most promising young sprinters in the world.
    • Omar McLeod: A Jamaican hurdler who is the Olympic champion in the 110-meter hurdles. He has also won two gold medals at the World Championships, and he is one of the most successful hurdlers of all time.
    Maroons are descendants of Africans in the Americas and Islands of the Indian Ocean who escaped from slavery and formed their own settlements. They often mixed with indigenous peoples, eventually evolving into separate creole cultures such as the Garifuna and the Mascogos.

    Most Famous Maroon People

    Maroon Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Maroons are communities of descendants of African slaves who escaped slavery and established independent communities in the Americas. These communities were formed by Africans who fled plantations and sought refuge in remote and often inhospitable regions, where they organized themselves into independent societies. The Maroons not only resisted enslavement and fought for their freedom, but they also preserved and propagated a distinct culture that blended African traditions with elements of their new environments.

    Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Maroon heritage:

    • Autonomous Societies: One of the most significant aspects of Maroon communities is their autonomy. Maroons established independent societies, often deep in the mountains or other isolated areas, where they could govern themselves and live free from the control of plantation owners. These communities developed their own systems of governance, including councils and leaders who made decisions for the group. This autonomy allowed the Maroons to maintain their cultural practices and traditions, as well as resist attempts at re-enslavement by colonial authorities.
    • Guerrilla Warfare Tactics: The Maroons were not only successful in establishing autonomous communities, but they also proved to be formidable fighters against the colonial forces. Through their knowledge of the local terrain and their ability to adapt guerrilla warfare tactics, the Maroons were able to effectively resist capture and defend their communities. Their military strategies often relied on ambushes, hit-and-run attacks, and knowledge of the environment to outmaneuver their opponents. These tactics contributed to the longevity of many Maroon communities, which often remained independent for generations.
    • Cultural Retention: The Maroons made a conscious effort to preserve their African cultural heritage, despite being uprooted from their ancestral lands. They integrated elements of their African traditions with the cultural practices they encountered in their new environments, creating vibrant and unique cultural expressions. This fusion of African and indigenous influences produced distinct music, dance, cuisine, and religious practices, many of which are still alive and celebrated today. By preserving and propagating their cultural heritage, the Maroons have not only maintained their identity but also contributed to the diverse cultural landscape of the Americas.

    The Maroon heritage is a testament to the resilience, creativity, and determination of African slaves who refused to accept their subjugation. Their fight for freedom, establishment of autonomous societies, and preservation of a rich cultural heritage make the Maroons an integral part of the history and identity of the Americas.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Hindustani, Berti and Tunjur roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Maroon People

    Country Population Percentage
    Jamaica 600,000 15%
    Suriname 300,000 20%
    Guyana 275,000 20%
    French Guiana 60,000 15%
    Haiti 40,000 5%
    Other Countries 325,000 25%
    Maroons are descendants of Africans in the Americas and Islands of the Indian Ocean who escaped from slavery and formed their own settlements. They often mixed with indigenous peoples, eventually evolving into separate creole cultures such as the Garifuna and the Mascogos.

    The Ancient Heritage of Maroon Ethnic Groups

    Maroon Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Maroons are a distinct ethnic group with a rich history and cultural heritage. Originating from West and Central Africa, the Maroons are the descendants of enslaved Africans who managed to escape captivity and form independent communities in the Americas. Over the centuries, they developed unique social and political structures, as well as a vibrant cultural identity that encompasses language, spirituality, music, dance, and cuisine.

    To delve deeper into the fascinating world of the Maroons, here are some references and resources worth exploring:

    • “Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas” by Richard Price: This classic work provides a comprehensive study of various Maroon communities in the Americas, including their origins, ways of life, and resistance against slavery. The book offers valuable insights into the history, culture, and resilience of the Maroons.
    • “The Maroons of Jamaica: From Freedom Fighters to Colonial Subjects” by Mavis C. Campbell: Focusing on the Jamaican Maroons, this book examines their complex relationship with the British colonial authorities. It explores how the Maroons went from being regarded as fierce freedom fighters to being incorporated into the colonial system, shedding light on the ongoing struggle for autonomy.
    • “Quimbolo and Maroon Cultures in the Caribbean” edited by Jean-Marie Volet: This compilation of essays offers a comprehensive exploration of Maroon cultures across the Caribbean, featuring contributions from various scholars. It covers diverse topics, including religion, language, art, oral traditions, gender dynamics, and political organization.
    • “Maroon Heritage: Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Historical Perspectives” edited by E. Kofi Agorsah: This book provides a multidisciplinary approach to understanding Maroon heritage. It combines archaeological findings, ethnographic research, and historical analysis to offer a holistic view of the Maroons’ past and present.
    • “The Jamaican Maroons: African American Freedom Fighters in the Caribbean” by C. L. R. James: Written by the influential Trinidadian historian C. L. R. James, this book sheds light on the Jamaican Maroons’ role in resisting slavery and fighting for their freedom. It highlights their military tactics, leadership, and contributions to the broader struggle against oppression.

    These resources offer a glimpse into the diverse and resilient world of the Maroon ethnic group, illustrating their historical significance, cultural richness, and ongoing struggles for autonomy and recognition. Exploring these references can deepen understanding and appreciation for the Maroons’ unique heritage.

    As we continue to celebrate diversity and embrace the richness of different cultures, let us honor and draw inspiration from these remarkable individuals who have shaped our world. Thank you for joining us on this captivating journey.