Ulastempat International

Author: Syarif Muhamad

  • Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    The Tatar people are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They have a rich history and culture, and have produced many notable people, including:

    • Rustem Khamitov: Former President of the Republic of Tatarstan (2010-2020).


    • Mintimer Shaimiev: First President of the Republic of Tatarstan (1991-2010).


    • Gabdulla Tukay: Poet, writer, and literary critic, considered the national poet of Tatarstan.


    • Musa Cälil: Poet, writer, and resistance fighter during World War II, posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.


    • Fäiq İbrahimoğlu: Writer, poet, and dramatist, known for his historical novels.


    • Salavat Yuzeyev: Composer and conductor, known for his operas and ballets.


    • Zulfiya: Poet and writer, known for her lyrical and romantic poetry.


    • Renat Ibrahimov: Opera singer, known for his powerful voice and wide vocal range.


    • Chulpan Khamatova: Actress, known for her roles in films such as “Night Watch” and “Day Watch”.


    • Alsu: Singer, known for her pop music and her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest.
    The Tatars ( TAH-tərz), formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes. Historically, the term Tatars (or Tartars) was applied to anyone originating from the vast Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as Tartary, a term which was also conflated with the Mongol Empire itself. More recently, however, the term has come to refer more narrowly to related ethnic groups who refer to themselves as Tatars or who speak languages that are commonly referred to as Tatar. The largest group amongst the Tatars by far are the Volga Tatars, native to the Volga-Ural region (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan) of European Russia, who for this reason are often also known as "Tatars" in Russian. They compose 53% of the population in Tatarstan. Their language is known as the Tatar language. As of 2010, there were an estimated 5.3 million ethnic Tatars in Russia. While also speaking languages belonging to different Kipchak sub-groups, genetic studies have shown that the three main groups of Tatars (Volga, Crimean, Siberian) do not have common ancestors and, thus, their formation occurred independently of one another. However, it is possible that all Tatar groups have at least partially the same origin, mainly from the times of Golden Horde.Many noble families in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire had Tatar origins.

    Most Famous Tatar People

    Tatar Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Tatar community is a vibrant and culturally rich group of people that can be found mainly in Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe. Known for their unique traditions, language, and cuisine, the Tatars have left a lasting impact on the regions they have inhabited. Today, we will explore three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Tatar heritage, showcasing the rich tapestry of their history.

    1. Tatar Architecture

    One of the most striking aspects of Tatar culture is their architectural heritage. The Tatar community is renowned for its stunning mosques and palaces, which showcase a blend of Islamic, Persian, and Central Asian influences.

    Some of the most famous examples of Tatar architecture include the Qol Sharif Mosque in Kazan, Russia, and the Suyumbike Tower in the same city. Both structures are emblematic of the Tatar culture, with their intricate designs and impressive craftsmanship.

    It’s worth mentioning that the Tatars’ architectural prowess is not limited to religious buildings alone. The community also has an impressive reputation for their residential architecture, which often features distinctive wooden carvings and colorful exterior decorations.

    2. Tatar Cuisine

    The Tatar cuisine is as diverse and flavorful as the community itself. Tatar culinary traditions have been shaped by a blend of influences from Russian, Mongolian, and Middle Eastern cultures, resulting in a unique and delicious gastronomic experience.

    One of the most famous dishes associated with the Tatar heritage is the Tatar pie, also known as “echpochmak.” This savory pastry is typically filled with a combination of meat, potatoes, onions, and spices. Another iconic dish is the “chak-chak,” a dessert made of fried dough balls stacked in a pyramid shape and drizzled with honey.

    Aside from these well-known dishes, Tatar cuisine features a wide array of soups, stews, and kebabs that are sure to satisfy any culinary enthusiast. The love for food is deeply ingrained in Tatar culture, and their cuisine serves as a testament to their rich heritage.

    3. Tatar Literature and Poetry

    The Tatar community has a long and illustrious literary tradition, dating back to the 10th century. Tatar literature is characterized by its lyrical beauty, often exploring themes of love, nature, and spirituality.

    One of the most famous Tatar poets is Gabdulla Tuqay, whose works have been translated into multiple languages and continue to be celebrated today. Tuqay’s poetry touched on social and political issues, addressing themes such as freedom, identity, and the struggle for equality.

    Tatar literature also encompasses various genres, including epic poems, folk tales, and historical narratives. These works provide valuable insights into the Tatars’ history, values, and mythology, making them an integral part of the community’s cultural legacy.

    Conclusion

    The Tatar community is a treasure trove of history, tradition, and creativity. From their stunning architecture to their delectable cuisine and captivating literature, the Tatars have left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of Eastern Europe. By exploring and celebrating these historical inheritances, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of the Tatar heritage.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Jordanian, Madeiran and Jersey roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Tatar People

    Region Population Percentage
    Tatarstan 3,878,000 49.04%
    Bashkortostan 1,628,400 30.39%
    Siberia 598,400 8.89%
    Ukraine 266,800 3.96%
    Kazakhstan 179,500 2.67%
    The Tatars ( TAH-tərz), formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes. Historically, the term Tatars (or Tartars) was applied to anyone originating from the vast Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as Tartary, a term which was also conflated with the Mongol Empire itself. More recently, however, the term has come to refer more narrowly to related ethnic groups who refer to themselves as Tatars or who speak languages that are commonly referred to as Tatar. The largest group amongst the Tatars by far are the Volga Tatars, native to the Volga-Ural region (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan) of European Russia, who for this reason are often also known as "Tatars" in Russian. They compose 53% of the population in Tatarstan. Their language is known as the Tatar language. As of 2010, there were an estimated 5.3 million ethnic Tatars in Russia. While also speaking languages belonging to different Kipchak sub-groups, genetic studies have shown that the three main groups of Tatars (Volga, Crimean, Siberian) do not have common ancestors and, thus, their formation occurred independently of one another. However, it is possible that all Tatar groups have at least partially the same origin, mainly from the times of Golden Horde.Many noble families in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire had Tatar origins.

    The Ancient Heritage of Tatar Ethnic Groups

    Tatar Ethnicity: References and Resources

    Here are some references and resources to dig deeper into the Tatar ethnic group:

    • Books:
      • “Tatar Empire: Kazan’s Muslims and the Making of Imperial Russia” by Danielle Ross
      • “The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland” by Igor Savchenko
      • “The Tatars: A Socio-cultural and Historical Introduction” by Edward J. Lazzerini
    • Academic Journals:
      • Nationalities Papers – Contains articles on various aspects of Tatar history, culture, and identity.
      • Tatarica Journal – Focuses on Tatar studies, including language, literature, folklore, and history.
    • Online Resources:
      • Encyclopedia Britannica – Tatar – Provides a good overview of the history, culture, and demographics of the Tatar people.
      • Tatarstan.eu – Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan, offering information on Tatar culture, tourism, and developments in the region.
    • Museums and Cultural Centers:
      • Tatar Village Museum (Kazan, Russia) – Showcases traditional Tatar village life and architecture.
      • Tugai Ethnocultural Complex (Kazan, Russia) – Allows visitors to immerse themselves in Tatar culture, including cuisine, crafts, and music.
      • Kasymov Museum-Reserve (Kasimov, Russia) – Preserves the heritage and history of the Tatars in the Kasimov region.

    These resources offer a variety of perspectives and information on the Tatar ethnic group, covering their history, culture, language, and contemporary issues. Whether you are interested in scholarly articles, books, or firsthand experiences, these references will assist you in delving deeper into the rich and diverse world of the Tatars.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Tatar individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Leading Figures: Top 10 Renowned Jordanian Personalities

    Leading Figures: Top 10 Renowned Jordanian Personalities

    Jordan is a country with a rich cultural heritage and has produced many notable individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields. These include celebrated artists, athletes, politicians, business leaders, and more. Here are ten of the most popular celebrities and notable people from Jordanian ethnicity:

    • Queen Rania of Jordan: Queen Rania is the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan and has gained international recognition for her advocacy work in education, health, and women’s rights.
    • Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein: Princess Haya is the daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and is known for her work in humanitarian causes and her former role as the President of the International Equestrian Federation.
    • Omar Sharif: Omar Sharif was a legendary Egyptian-Jordanian actor who gained international acclaim for his roles in films such as “Lawrence of Arabia,” “Doctor Zhivago,” and “Funny Girl.”
    • Rula Jebreal: Rula Jebreal is a Jordanian-Italian journalist, author, and political commentator who has written extensively on issues related to the Middle East and women’s rights.
    • Zaha Hadid: Zaha Hadid was an Iraqi-British architect who gained international recognition for her innovative and futuristic designs, including the Guangzhou Opera House in China and the MAXXI Museum in Rome.
    • Amr Diab: Amr Diab is an Egyptian singer and songwriter who is considered one of the most influential artists in the Arab world, with a career spanning over three decades.
    • Nancy Ajram: Nancy Ajram is a Lebanese singer and actress who has gained immense popularity throughout the Arab world for her upbeat pop songs and energetic performances.
    • Hikmat Hilmi: Hikmat Hilmi was a Jordanian artist and intellectual who played a significant role in the development of Arab modernism in the early 20th century.
    • Munther Masri: Munther Masri is a Jordanian entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded several successful businesses and is known for his charitable contributions to education and healthcare.
    • Rana Husseini: Rana Husseini is a Jordanian-American engineer and entrepreneur who co-founded the women’s health technology company, Nurx, which provides affordable and accessible reproductive care.

    Most Famous Jordanian People

    Jordanian Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Jordanian community is known for its rich historical heritage, with influences from various civilizations and empires that have left a lasting impact on its culture and traditions. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Jordanian heritage:

    1. Petra – The Ancient Rose City

    Petra, also known as the “Rose City,” is a historical and archaeological site located in southern Jordan. This ancient city was carved into the rock face by the Nabataeans, an Arab civilization that thrived in the area from around 400 BC to 106 AD. Petra is renowned for its magnificent rock-cut architecture and stunning red sandstone cliffs, earning it recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

    Highlights of a visit to Petra include exploring the Siq, a narrow gorge that leads to the city’s main entrance, known as the Treasury. Other notable attractions within Petra’s vast archaeological park include the Monastery, the Roman Theater, and the Royal Tombs.

    Top attractions in Petra:

    • The Treasury
    • The Monastery
    • The Siq
    • The Roman Theater
    • The Royal Tombs

    2. The Dead Sea – A Natural Wonder

    The Dead Sea, located on the border of Jordan and Israel, is a saltwater lake known for its therapeutic properties and unique geographical features. It is the lowest point on Earth, reaching more than 1,400 feet below sea level. With its high salt content, the water in the Dead Sea is highly buoyant, allowing visitors to effortlessly float on its surface.

    In addition to its recreational value, the Dead Sea is renowned for its mineral-rich mud and salt, which are believed to have numerous health benefits. Visitors often indulge in mud baths and mineral-rich spa treatments, taking advantage of the Dead Sea’s rejuvenating and healing properties.

    Top experiences at the Dead Sea:

    • Float on the surface of the saltwater
    • Take a mud bath
    • Enjoy a spa treatment
    • Try the unique sensation of reading a book while floating

    3. Jerash – The Ancient Roman City

    Jordan is also home to the ancient city of Jerash, known as one of the best-preserved Roman provincial towns in the world. Located north of Amman, Jerash dates back to the Roman period and showcases remarkable Roman architecture and urban planning.

    Visitors to Jerash can explore its well-preserved ruins, including the imposing Hadrian’s Arch, the Oval Plaza, the Hippodrome, and the Temple of Artemis. Jerash also hosts an annual cultural festival that celebrates its rich history through music, dance, and theater performances.

    Must-see attractions in Jerash:

    • Hadrian’s Arch
    • Oval Plaza
    • Hippodrome
    • Temple of Artemis
    • Jerash Festival

    These three historical inheritances provide a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of the Jordanian community. Whether exploring the architectural wonders of Petra, experiencing the healing properties of the Dead Sea, or stepping back in time in Jerash, visitors can immerse themselves in the captivating history and heritage of this fascinating country.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Madeiran, Jersey and Brazilian roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Jordanian People

    Ethnic Group Percentage Distribution
    Arabs 98% Mainly in urban areas
    Bedouins 1% Rural areas including the desert
    Circassians 1% Mainly concentrated in Amman, Madaba, and Zarqa
    Others Less than 1% Small populations spread across the country
    Jordan has a population of more than 11.1 million inhabitants as of 2023. Jordanians (Arabic: أردنيون) are the citizens of Jordan. Around 94% of Jordanians are Arabs, while the remaining 6% belong to other ethnic minorities, including Circassians, Chechens, Armenians and Kurds. Around 2.9 million inhabitants are non-citizens, a figure including refugees, legal and illegal immigrants. Jordan's annual population growth rate stands at 3.05% as of 2023, with an average of 2.8 births per woman. There were 1,977,534 households in Jordan in 2015, with an average of 4.8 persons per household.The official language is Arabic, while English is the second most widely spoken language by Jordanians. It is also widely used in commerce and government. In 2016, about 84% of Jordan's population live in urban towns and cities. Many Jordanians and people of Jordanian descent live across the world, mainly in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, United States, Canada and Turkey.In 2016, Jordan was named as the largest refugee hosting country per capita in the world, followed by Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon. Jordan hosts refugees mainly from the West Bank, Syria, and Iraq, as well as smaller communities from other nations. There are also hundreds of thousands of workers from Egypt, Indonesia and South Asia, who work as domestic and construction workers.

    The Ancient Heritage of Jordanian Ethnic Groups

    Jordanian Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Jordanian ethnic group is primarily composed of Arab Muslims who reside in the country of Jordan. They are the majority population in Jordan and have a rich cultural heritage that dates back thousands of years. To dig deeper into the Jordanian ethnic group, you can explore various references and resources that provide valuable insights into their history, traditions, language, and customs. Here are some notable resources:

    • “Jordan: A Hashemite Legacy” by Saïd K. Aburish – This book offers a comprehensive overview of Jordan’s history and the Hashemite dynasty, which has played a significant role in shaping the country. It delves into the Arab identity and explores the ethnicity and culture of the Jordanian people.
    • “The Jordanian- Palestinian Relationship: The Bank Blessings” by Y.G-M. Lulat – This book focuses on the complex relationship between Jordanians and Palestinians, who make up a significant portion of Jordan’s population. It delves into historical, social, and political aspects, shedding light on the dynamics between the two groups.
    • “Jordan: A Study in Political Development, 1921-1965” by Ian J. Lougheed – This book provides a detailed analysis of Jordan’s political development during the early 20th century until the mid-1960s. It explores the sociopolitical climate, including the influence of the Jordanian ethnic group on the nation’s governance.

    In addition to these books, there are also various academic journals and research papers that delve into different aspects of the Jordanian ethnic group. These resources can provide a deeper understanding of their history, traditions, language, and cultural practices.

    We have reached the end of our exploration into the extraordinary lives of prominent Jordanian. We hope this journey has been enlightening and inspiring.

  • Influential Madeiran Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    Influential Madeiran Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    Madeira, a beautiful archipelago off the coast of Portugal, has given birth to numerous talented and notable individuals who have made significant contributions in various fields. Here are 10 popular celebrities and notable people of Madeiran ethnicity:

    • Cristiano Ronaldo: Widely regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time, Cristiano Ronaldo is a global icon who has won numerous accolades, including five Ballon d’Or awards. He is known for his incredible scoring ability, athleticism, and dedication to the sport.
    • José Mourinho: A charismatic and successful football manager, José Mourinho has led several top European clubs to numerous titles, including the UEFA Champions League and the Premier League. He is known for his tactical acumen, ability to motivate players, and distinctive personality.
    • Nuno Bettencourt: A renowned guitarist and singer, Nuno Bettencourt is best known for his work with the band Extreme. His exceptional guitar skills, melodic songwriting, and powerful vocals have earned him critical acclaim and a dedicated fan base.
    • Alberto João Jardim: A prominent Portuguese politician, Alberto João Jardim served as President of the Regional Government of Madeira for 37 years. He is credited with transforming the island’s economy and infrastructure, making it a popular tourist destination.
    • Ricardo Pereira: A talented actor, Ricardo Pereira has appeared in numerous Portuguese and international films and television shows. He is known for his versatility, natural acting abilities, and ability to portray a wide range of characters.
    • Sara Sampaio: A successful fashion model, Sara Sampaio is the first Portuguese model to become a Victoria’s Secret Angel. She has graced the covers of numerous magazines, walked the runways of top designers, and collaborated with prestigious brands.
    • Dulce Pontes: A renowned singer and songwriter, Dulce Pontes is known for her powerful voice, unique interpretations of traditional Portuguese music, and fusion of different musical styles. She has represented Portugal in several international music festivals and competitions.
    • Fernando Pereira: A respected journalist and television presenter, Fernando Pereira is known for his incisive interviews, insightful analysis, and commitment to investigative journalism. He has received numerous awards for his work and is considered one of the most influential media personalities in Portugal.
    • Rúben Micael: A talented actor and singer, Rúben Micael rose to fame through his roles in popular Portuguese television series. He has also released several music albums, showcasing his vocal abilities and songwriting skills.
    • Fátima Lopes: A successful television presenter and businesswoman, Fátima Lopes is known for her engaging interviews, fashion sense, and ability to connect with audiences. She has hosted several popular talk shows and is a role model for many women in Portugal.

    Most Famous Madeiran People

    Madeiran Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Madeiran community is a vibrant and rich cultural group that has played an important role in shaping the history and heritage of Madeira, an ancient archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean. Over the centuries, the Madeiran community has developed a unique identity, blending influences from various cultures and leaving behind a legacy that is still celebrated today. From traditional music to culinary delights, there are countless historical inheritances associated with Madeiran heritage. Here, we explore three of the most well-known ones.

    1. Fado Music

    Fado is a genre of music that originated in Portugal, and Madeira is home to its unique variant. Madeiran fado is characterized by its melancholic and heartfelt lyrics, often accompanied by guitarra de fado or Rajão, a traditional instrument native to the island. The beautiful melodies and emotional storytelling of Madeiran fado have captivated audiences for generations, making it an essential part of the island’s cultural fabric.

    2. Madeira Wine

    Madeira wine is one of the most famous exports of the Madeiran community. This fortified wine has a long and storied history, dating back to the Age of Exploration when Madeira became a popular stop for ships traveling to the New World. The unique aging process, called estufagem, involves heating the wine to high temperatures, giving it a distinct caramelized flavor. Madeira wine continues to be enjoyed worldwide and is often paired with desserts or enjoyed on its own.

    3. Embroidery

    Madeira is renowned for its exquisite embroidery, a tradition that has been passed down through generations. Madeiran embroidery is characterized by intricate designs, delicate stitches, and the use of vibrant colors. Originally introduced by Flemish immigrants in the 19th century, this craft quickly became an important part of Madeiran culture and identity. Today, Madeiran embroidery is not only a popular souvenir but also a cherished art form, with local artisans showcasing their skills through various creations, including table linens, clothing, and home decor items.

    Historical Inheritances of the Madeiran Community:

    • Fado Music
    • Madeira Wine
    • Embroidery

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Jersey, Brazilian and Oceania roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Madeiran People

    Population Approximately 286,000
    Country Portugal
    Region Madeira
    Language Portuguese
    Ethnicity Madeiran (Portuguese descent)
    Religion Predominantly Roman Catholic
    Capital Funchal

    The Ancient Heritage of Madeiran Ethnic Groups

    Madeiran Ethnicity: References and Resources

    References and resources to dig deeper about the Madeiran ethnic group:

    • Books and Academic Publications:
      • “Madeiran Society and Culture” by Reis, Jaime
      • “The Madeiran Diaspora: Memories of a Peculiar Colonialism” by Caires, Isabel
      • “Madeira: The Island Vineyard” by Bishop, Alex
      • “Madeiran Portuguese Historical Speakers’ Personal, Social and Linguistic Profile: Appearance and Wider Language Attitudes” by Rodrigues, Adriana
    • Online Articles and Websites:
    • Museums and Cultural Centers:

    Exploring these references and resources will provide a comprehensive understanding of the Madeiran ethnic group, its history, culture, and contributions to the world. Whether through books, online articles, or visits to museums and cultural centers, there is much to learn and discover about Madeira and its people.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Madeiran individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Top 10 Celebrities Embracing Jersey Roots

    Top 10 Celebrities Embracing Jersey Roots

    Jersey, a small island in the British Isles, has produced a remarkable array of celebrities and notable people who have made significant contributions to various fields. From music to sports, entertainment to politics, these individuals have left an indelible mark on the world stage. Here’s a list of 10 popular celebrities and notable people with Jersey ethnicity:

    • 1. Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596): A renowned English explorer, navigator, and privateer, Sir Francis Drake is known for his daring voyages around the world, including his famous circumnavigation of the globe in the 16th century.
    • 2. Lillie Langtry (1853-1929): Born in Jersey, Lillie Langtry was a celebrated British actress, socialite, and fashion icon. She captivated audiences with her beauty and grace, becoming a muse for artists and writers of her time.
    • 3. Harry Vardon (1870-1937): Widely regarded as one of the greatest golfers of all time, Harry Vardon won six Open Championships and was a pioneer in the sport. His innovative techniques and competitive spirit revolutionized the game of golf.
    • 4. Sir George Carteret (1610-1680): A prominent English statesman and politician, Sir George Carteret served as a prominent figure in the court of King Charles II, playing a crucial role in the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
    • 5. Clement Scott (1841-1904): A respected English theatre critic and journalist, Clement Scott was known for his incisive reviews and his influence on the development of theatre in the Victorian era.
    • 6. Sir Frank Le Couteur (1894-1977): Born in Jersey, Sir Frank Le Couteur was a distinguished British civil servant and colonial administrator. He served as the Governor of Mauritius and Malta, leaving a positive legacy in both countries.
    • 7. Sir Robert Pipon (1788-1854): A British naval officer and politician, Sir Robert Pipon served as Lieutenant Governor of Jersey, contributing to the island’s development and governance.
    • 8. Lady Olliff (1898-1983): Born in Jersey, Lady Olliff, also known as Edith Annie Holden, was an accomplished painter, illustrator, and author. Her book “The Country Diary of an Edwardian Lady” became a posthumous bestseller, captivating readers with its charming illustrations and insightful observations of nature.
    • 9. John Nettles (born 1943): A renowned English actor, John Nettles is best known for his portrayal of Detective Inspector Tom Barnaby in the long-running British television series “Midsomer Murders.” He brought depth and charisma to the character, making the show a global success.
    • 10. Graeme Le Saux (born 1968): A former professional footballer, Graeme Le Saux played for several English Premier League clubs, including Chelsea and Blackburn Rovers. He was known for his skill, versatility, and set-piece delivery, making him a valuable asset to his teams.
    The Jersey people (Jèrriais: Jèrriais; French: Jersiais), also referred to as Islanders, are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands who share a common history, Norman ancestry and culture. There is no standard demonym for Jersey people, however common demonyms include Jerseyman/Jerseywoman or Jèrriais. Jersey people are colloquially known as 'beans', after the Jersey bean crock - a traditional meal, or crapauds (the Jèrriais word for toad), the reason being that Jersey has toads and Guernsey does not. There is a statue in St. Helier of a toad, known as Le Crapaud. The Jersey toad is a unique species, which are bigger, breed earlier and use different habitats than English toads.

    Most Famous Jersey People

    Jersey Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Jersey community has a rich and fascinating history that is deeply ingrained in its heritage. From its unique language to its ancient landmarks, there are many historical inheritances that have shaped the identity of this vibrant community. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Jersey heritage.

    1. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust:

    The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, originally founded as the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, is an internationally renowned organization dedicated to saving species from extinction. It was established by naturalist and author Gerald Durrell in 1963 and has since grown to become a leading voice in conservation efforts worldwide. Located in Trinity, Jersey, the trust boasts a zoo that is home to a diverse array of endangered animals, including lemurs, orangutans, and gorillas. Visitors to the trust can learn about the importance of protecting our planet’s biodiversity and engage in educational programs that promote sustainable living.

    2. The Jersey Language:

    The Jersey community is proud to have its own unique language, known as Jèrriais. Derived from Old Norman, Jèrriais is closely related to the Norman language spoken in the nearby region of Normandy, France. Although it is considered endangered, efforts are being made to preserve and revive the language. Schools in Jersey offer lessons in Jèrriais, and there are cultural organizations dedicated to promoting and celebrating this linguistic heritage. Visitors to the island can immerse themselves in the local culture by learning a few words or phrases in Jèrriais, such as “maufaire” (hello) or “merchi” (thank you).

    3. Mont Orgueil Castle:

    Perched on a rocky outcrop overlooking the picturesque village of Gorey, Mont Orgueil Castle is a majestic fortress that dates back over 800 years. Built in the 13th century, the castle served as a stronghold to protect the island from French invasions. Today, it stands as a testament to Jersey’s medieval history and offers visitors a fascinating glimpse into the past. As you explore the castle’s winding staircases, secret passages, and panoramic views, you can imagine what life was like for the knights and soldiers who once called this place home.

    Summary:

    The Jersey community is steeped in historical inheritance, with each aspect contributing to its unique identity. From the conservation efforts of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust to the preservation of the Jèrriais language, and the imposing presence of Mont Orgueil Castle, there are countless opportunities to explore and learn about the rich history of this captivating community. Whether you are a history enthusiast, nature lover, or language aficionado, Jersey offers something for everyone.

    • The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
    • The Jersey Language (Jèrriais)
    • Mont Orgueil Castle

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Brazilian, Oceania and Jewish roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Jersey People

    Ethnicity Percentage
    White 93%
    Asian 2%
    Mixed Race 2%
    Black 1%
    Other 2%
    The Jersey people (Jèrriais: Jèrriais; French: Jersiais), also referred to as Islanders, are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands who share a common history, Norman ancestry and culture. There is no standard demonym for Jersey people, however common demonyms include Jerseyman/Jerseywoman or Jèrriais. Jersey people are colloquially known as 'beans', after the Jersey bean crock - a traditional meal, or crapauds (the Jèrriais word for toad), the reason being that Jersey has toads and Guernsey does not. There is a statue in St. Helier of a toad, known as Le Crapaud. The Jersey toad is a unique species, which are bigger, breed earlier and use different habitats than English toads.

    The Ancient Heritage of Jersey Ethnic Groups

    Jersey Ethnicity: References and Resources

    For those interested in digging deeper into the Jersey ethnic group, there are several references and resources available to explore. These sources provide valuable information on the history, culture, and traditions of the Jersey people.

    • “The Cultural Identity of Jersey: A Comprehensive Guide”: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Jersey ethnic group, exploring various aspects of their cultural identity such as language, folklore, customs, and cuisine. It delves into the rich history of the community and provides insights into their unique traditions.
    • “Jersey: History and Heritage”: This publication offers a detailed exploration of the history and heritage of Jersey. It covers various historical periods, including the Norman, Viking, and Roman influences on the island. The book also delves into the cultural and ethnic origins of the Jersey people, shedding light on their distinct identity.
    • Archives and Libraries: Local archives and libraries in Jersey can be excellent resources for delving into the ethnic group’s history. These institutions house a wide range of historical documents, photographs, and records that can provide valuable insights into the evolution of the Jersey ethnicity. Some notable archives and libraries include the Jersey Archive, the Société Jersiaise Library, and the Jersey Heritage Research Center.
    • Oral Histories and Personal Accounts: Engaging with the local community and individuals of the Jersey ethnicity can provide a unique perspective. Conducting interviews, participating in cultural events, and exploring personal accounts can offer valuable insights into the customs, traditions, and experiences of the Jersey people.
    • Anthropological Studies: Academic research and anthropological studies focusing on the Jersey ethnic group can provide an in-depth analysis of various aspects of their culture, identity, and history. These studies often present findings from extensive fieldwork and offer a scholarly perspective on the community.

    By utilizing these resources, individuals interested in the Jersey ethnic group can gain a deeper understanding of their history, culture, and traditions. Whether through books, archives, personal accounts, or more academic studies, there are various avenues to explore and uncover the fascinating aspects of Jersey’s ethnic identity.

    We have reached the end of our exploration into the extraordinary lives of prominent Jersey. We hope this journey has been enlightening and inspiring.

  • Brazilian Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    Brazilian Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities

    Brazil, known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population, has produced numerous celebrities and notable individuals of Brazilian ethnicity who have gained international recognition in various fields. Here are 10 of the most popular celebrities and notable people from Brazil:

    • Anitta: Larissa de Macedo Machado, better known as Anitta, is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and dancer. She is one of the most successful Latin artists of all time, having won numerous awards, including several Latin Grammy Awards. Anitta is known for her energetic performances and her ability to blend different musical genres.
    • Neymar: Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior, commonly known as Neymar, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Paris Saint-Germain and the Brazil national team. Considered one of the greatest footballers of his generation, Neymar has won numerous titles, including the UEFA Champions League, the Copa América, and the FIFA Club World Cup. He is known for his exceptional dribbling skills, speed, and goalscoring ability.
    • Gisele Bündchen: Gisele Caroline Bündchen is a Brazilian model, actress, and businesswoman. She is one of the most successful models of all time, having appeared on the covers of countless magazines and walked the runway for some of the world’s most prestigious fashion brands. Bündchen is also an active philanthropist and environmentalist.
    • Pelé: Edson Arantes do Nascimento, better known as Pelé, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. He is the only player to have won the FIFA World Cup three times (1958, 1962, and 1970). Pelé was known for his exceptional dribbling skills, goal-scoring ability, and electrifying playing style.
    • Ronaldinho: Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, commonly known as Ronaldinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who is considered one of the greatest players of his generation. He won numerous individual and team awards, including the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2004 and 2005. Ronaldinho was known for his creativity, dribbling skills, and incredible goals.
    • Xuxa: Maria da Graça Meneghel, better known as Xuxa, is a Brazilian television presenter, singer, and actress. She is one of the most popular and influential figures in Latin America, having hosted numerous popular TV shows and released several successful albums. Xuxa is known for her energetic personality and her ability to connect with children.
    • Adriana Lima: Adriana Francesca Lima is a Brazilian model who is best known for her work as a Victoria’s Secret Angel. She has appeared in numerous fashion shows and campaigns and has been featured on the covers of countless magazines. Lima is known for her stunning beauty and her captivating presence.
    • Roberto Carlos: Roberto Carlos Braga is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is one of the most successful Latin artists of all time, having sold over 125 million records worldwide. Carlos is known for his romantic ballads and his distinctive voice. He is also a successful songwriter, having written many hit songs for other artists.
    • Oscar Niemeyer: Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho was a Brazilian architect who is considered one of the most important figures in modern architecture. He is best known for his design of the Cathedral of Brasília, the National Congress of Brazil, and the Museum of Contemporary Art in Niterói. Niemeyer’s work is characterized by its bold curves and innovative use of concrete.
    • Fernando Henrique Cardoso: Fernando Henrique Cardoso is a Brazilian politician and sociologist who served as the 34th President of Brazil from 1995 to 2003. He is known for his economic reforms, which helped stabilize the Brazilian economy and reduce inflation. Cardoso is also a respected academic and has written extensively on democracy, development, and social justice.
    This is a list of Brazilians, people in some way notable that were either born in Brazil or immigrants to Brazil (citizens or permanent residents), grouped by their area of notability.

    Most Famous Brazilian People

    Brazilian Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Brazilian community is well-known for its rich heritage and diverse cultural background. Throughout history, Brazil has been influenced by a variety of cultures, resulting in a unique and vibrant society. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Brazilian heritage:

    • Portuguese Influence:

      • As Brazil was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century, Portuguese influence continues to play a significant role in Brazilian culture. The Portuguese language is the official language of Brazil, and many Portuguese customs, traditions, and architectural styles can be observed throughout the country. Brazilian cuisine, with its emphasis on seafood, rice, and beans, also reflects Portuguese flavors.

    • African Heritage:

      • The African influence on Brazilian culture is undeniable, particularly due to the transatlantic slave trade. Millions of Africans were forcibly brought to Brazil and played a crucial role in shaping the country’s cultural landscape. This is particularly evident in music and dance genres like samba and capoeira, as well as in religious practices such as Candomblé and Umbanda.

    • Indigenous Roots:

      • Brazil is home to a wide variety of Indigenous tribes, each with its distinct culture and customs. These tribes have left a lasting impact on Brazilian society, particularly in terms of art, spirituality, and sustainable practices. The Indigenous influence can be seen in Brazilian crafts, such as pottery and basket weaving, as well as in the preservation of natural resources and ecological awareness.

    The Brazilian community is proud of its diverse heritage, embracing and celebrating these historical inheritances as part of its identity. The fusion of Portuguese, African, and Indigenous influences has created a vibrant and inclusive society that continues to evolve and thrive.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Oceania, Jewish and Sabaean Mandaean roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Brazilian People

    The query is asking for a simple HTML table that presents facts about the demographics and distribution of Brazilian ethnicity. Here’s an example of how the HTML table could be structured:

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    Ethnic Group Percentage of Population Region(s) Concentrated
    White 47.7% South, Southeast, and Midwest
    Mixed 43.1% Throughout the country
    Black 7.6% Northeast and Southeast
    Asian 1.1% Southeast
    Indigenous 0.4% Throughout the country

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    In this table, each row represents a different ethnic group found in Brazil. The first column lists the different ethnic groups, the second column presents the percentage of each group within the population, and the third column indicates the regions where each group is concentrated.

    Brazil had an official resident population of 203 million in 2022, according to IBGE. Brazil is the seventh most populous country in the world, and the second most populous in the Americas and Western Hemisphere. Brazilians are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the country, which comprises the Southeast, South, and Northeast. But it also has a significant presence in large cities in the Center-West and North. According to the 2022 census, Brazil had 88,252,121 White people, 92,083,286 Mixed people, 20,656,458 Black people, 850,132 Asian people, and 1,227,640 Indigenous people.

    The Ancient Heritage of Brazilian Ethnic Groups

    Brazilian Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Brazilian ethnic group is a diverse tapestry of cultures and backgrounds, resulting from centuries of immigration from various parts of the world. Below are some references and resources to dig deeper into the rich history and heritage of the Brazilian people:

    • “Brazil: Five Centuries of Change” by Thomas E. Skidmore: This book provides a comprehensive overview of Brazilian history, including the formation of the Brazilian ethnic group through immigration and cultural blending.

    • “The Brazilian People: The Formation and Meaning of Brazil” by Darcy Ribeiro: Ribeiro delves into the complexities of Brazilian society, tracing the origins of ethnic groups, and exploring the cultural dynamics that shape the nation.

    • “The Masters and the Slaves” by Gilberto Freyre: This influential work examines the social, cultural, and racial dynamics of Brazil, including the influences of African, European, and Indigenous populations.

    • The Library of Congress: Country Studies provides a wealth of information about Brazil, including its ethnic diversity, history, and socio-cultural aspects. The online resource offers in-depth studies and articles backed by scholarly research.

    • The Museum of the Brazilian Indian (Rio de Janeiro) showcases the rich cultural heritage of Indigenous populations in Brazil. Exploring its exhibits and collections can provide valuable insights into the Indigenous roots of the Brazilian ethnic group.

    • The Museu Afro Brasil (São Paulo) houses an extensive collection of art and artifacts that highlight the contributions and cultural heritage of African populations in Brazil. It offers a deeper understanding of the African roots within the Brazilian ethnic group.

    These resources and references will serve as a springboard for anyone interested in exploring the diverse and complex history of the Brazilian ethnic group. By delving into these materials, one can gain a deeper appreciation for the cultural melting pot that has shaped Brazil into the vibrant nation it is today.

    As we continue to celebrate diversity and embrace the richness of different cultures, let us honor and draw inspiration from these remarkable individuals who have shaped our world. Thank you for joining us on this captivating journey.

  • Top 10 Notable Oceania People: Well-Known Individuals

    Top 10 Notable Oceania People: Well-Known Individuals

    Oceania is home to a diverse range of talented and influential celebrities and notable people. Here are ten of the most popular and well-known individuals from Oceania:

    • Russell Crowe: An Academy Award-winning actor from New Zealand, Crowe is known for his performances in films such as Gladiator, A Beautiful Mind, and Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.
    • Nicole Kidman: An Australian actress, Kidman has won an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Golden Globe Award. She is known for her roles in films such as Moulin Rouge!, The Hours, and Rabbit Hole.
    • Chris Hemsworth: An Australian actor, Hemsworth is best known for his portrayal of Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He has also appeared in films such as Snow White and the Huntsman, Rush, and Extraction.
    • Zoe Kravitz: An American actress and singer, Kravitz is the daughter of musician Lenny Kravitz and actress Lisa Bonet. She is known for her roles in films such as Mad Max: Fury Road, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, and The Batman.
    • Jason Momoa: An American actor, Momoa is of Hawaiian and Samoan descent. He is known for his roles as Aquaman in the DC Extended Universe, Khal Drogo in Game of Thrones, and Conan the Barbarian in the 2011 film of the same name.
    • Dwayne Johnson: An American actor, producer, and former professional wrestler, Johnson is of Samoan descent. He is known for his roles in films such as the Fast & Furious franchise, Moana, and Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle.
    • Keanu Reeves: A Canadian actor, Reeves is known for his roles in films such as The Matrix trilogy, John Wick, and Speed. He is also a musician and has released two albums.
    • Sandra Oh: A Canadian actress, Oh is known for her roles in the television series Grey’s Anatomy and Killing Eve. She has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
    • Hugh Jackman: An Australian actor, Jackman is best known for his portrayal of Wolverine in the X-Men film series. He has also appeared in films such as The Prestige, Les Misérables, and Logan.
    • Sia: An Australian singer, songwriter, and music video director, Sia is known for her unique and innovative music videos. She has won numerous awards, including an ARIA Award and an MTV Video Music Award.
    Oceania (UK: OH-s(h)ee-AH-nee-ə, -⁠AY-, US: OH-shee-A(H)N-ee-ə) is a geographical region comprising Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, at the centre of the water hemisphere, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of about 9,000,000 square kilometres (3,500,000 sq mi) and a population of around 44.4 million as of 2022. When compared to the other continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second-least populated after Antarctica. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index, to the much less developed economies of Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western New Guinea, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Fiji, Palau, and Tonga. The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney. Puncak Jaya in Highland Papua, Indonesia, is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884 m (16,024 ft).The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. Portuguese explorers, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands and west New Guinea. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time.The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the First World War with the Japanese occupying many German territories. During the Second World War, Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia fought against Axis power Japan across various locations in Oceania. The rock art of Aboriginal Australians is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Most Oceanian countries are multi-party representative parliamentary democracies, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific island nations.

    Most Famous Oceania People

    Oceania Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Oceania community, also known as the Pacific Islands community, encompasses the region of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. This vast area includes countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, and many others. The Oceania community is rich in cultural heritage, with a diverse mix of indigenous traditions, colonial influences, and modern influences. Let’s explore three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Oceania heritage.

    1. Indigenous Cultures

    The Oceania community is home to a myriad of indigenous cultures, each with its own unique traditions and practices. These cultures have strong ties to the land, the sea, and their ancestral spirits. From the Maori of New Zealand to the Aboriginal people of Australia, indigenous communities have preserved their customs and passed them down through generations. The cultural practices include dance, music, storytelling, traditional art forms, and spiritual beliefs. These enduring traditions provide a glimpse into the rich history and deep connections that the Oceania community shares with its ancestors.

    2. Colonial Influences

    The arrival of European explorers and colonizers in the Pacific Islands had a lasting impact on the region. These influences brought new languages, religions, and political systems to the islands. In some instances, colonization had devastating effects on indigenous communities, leading to the decline of traditions and loss of land. However, it also resulted in cultural fusion, with indigenous and European cultures blending to create unique forms of expression. One example of this is the traditional music of Fiji, which incorporates elements from Indian, Polynesian, and European musical styles.

    3. Pacific Island Migration

    Migration has played a significant role in shaping the Oceania community’s heritage. For centuries, Pacific Islanders have ventured to other islands and continents, sharing their cultural practices and establishing communities abroad. One notable example of this is the Pacific Islander diaspora in countries like the United States and New Zealand. These migrant communities have successfully preserved their cultural identities while adapting to new environments. Celebrations such as the Pasifika Festival in Auckland, New Zealand, highlight the diverse cultural contributions of Pacific Islanders.

    Historical Inheritances associated with the Oceania heritage:

    • Indigenous Cultures
    • Colonial Influences
    • Pacific Island Migration

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Jewish, Sabaean Mandaean and Assyrian roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Oceania People

    Ethnicity Population Percentage Regions
    Aboriginal Australians 798,365 3.3% Australia
    Māori 775,836 16.5% New Zealand
    Papuan 5,969,785 23.8% Papua New Guinea
    Kanak 110,000 1.3% New Caledonia
    Polynesians 1,215,000 0.1% Various islands
    Micronesians 149,000 0.01% Various islands
    Melanesians 8,564,815 4.2% Various islands

    The Ancient Heritage of Oceania Ethnic Groups

    References to the Oceania Ethnic Group

    When it comes to learning more about the Oceania ethnic group, there are various references and resources available. These sources provide valuable information on the cultures, histories, and diverse populations of the countries in the Pacific Region. Here are some references and resources to dig deeper into the Oceania ethnic group:

    • Pacific Islands Forum – The Pacific Islands Forum is an intergovernmental organization that includes 18 member countries from the Pacific region. Their official website offers an abundance of information about the member countries, events, development initiatives, and publications related to the Oceania region.
    • Library of Congress – The Library of Congress provides a range of resources on Oceania, including books, articles, maps, and photographs related to the Pacific Islands. Their online catalog can be accessed to find specific materials on various aspects of the Oceania ethnic group.
    • Oceania Customs Organization – The Oceania Customs Organization plays a crucial role in facilitating trade, customs, and border control in the region. Their website provides valuable information on regional customs practices, regulations, and initiatives.
    • Pacific Community – The Pacific Community, formerly known as the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, is an international organization that supports the development and well-being of Pacific Island communities. Their website offers publications, statistics, and research reports on various aspects of the Oceania region.
    • Anthropological Studies – There are numerous anthropological studies, research papers, and academic publications that delve into different aspects of Oceania. These studies provide insights into the cultural practices, traditions, languages, and social structures of the different ethnic groups in the Pacific Islands.

    By exploring these references and resources, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the Oceania ethnic group. Whether it is through official organizations, libraries, or academic research, there is plenty of valuable information available to expand one’s knowledge about the diverse cultures and peoples of Oceania.

  • Top 10 Celebrities with Jewish Heritage

    Top 10 Celebrities with Jewish Heritage

    Most Famous Jewish People

    Jewish Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Jewish community is one of the oldest and most influential religious and cultural groups in the world. With a rich history that spans thousands of years, Jews have left an indelible mark on various aspects of human civilization. From their contributions to science and art to their perseverance in the face of adversity, these are the three most well-known historical inheritances associated with Jewish heritage:

    1. The Torah and Monotheism

    One of the most significant historical inheritances of the Jewish heritage is the Torah, the sacred scripture of Judaism. The Torah contains the foundational teachings and commandments that guide Jewish religious and ethical practices. Its emphasis on moral values, justice, and compassion has influenced countless individuals and societies throughout history. Furthermore, Judaism’s belief in monotheism, the worship of one God, has had a profound impact on the development of Western religions and philosophies.

    2. The Intellectual and Scientific Contributions

    The Jewish community has a long history of intellectual and scientific contributions that have shaped various fields of knowledge. From ancient times to the present day, Jewish individuals have made significant advancements in mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and more. Some well-known Jewish intellectuals include Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, and Henrietta Szold. These contributions have not only benefited the Jewish community but have also had a profound influence on global scientific and intellectual progress.

    3. Holocaust and Resilience

    The Holocaust, the systematic genocide of six million Jews during World War II, represents one of the darkest chapters in human history. Despite enduring unimaginable suffering and loss, the Jewish community has shown remarkable resilience and determination to rebuild their lives and preserve their heritage. The Holocaust serves as a poignant reminder of the dangers of antisemitism and the importance of promoting tolerance, understanding, and human rights. The Jewish people’s ability to rise from the ashes and build flourishing communities around the world is a testament to their enduring strength and spirit.

    Here are some additional notable historical inheritances associated with Jewish heritage:

    • The establishment of the State of Israel
    • The contributions of Jewish philosophers and thinkers
    • The influence of Jewish culture on art, literature, and music
    • The perseverance and adaptability of Jewish communities over centuries
    • The preservation of the Hebrew language
    • The impact of Jewish legal and ethical teachings on Western legal systems

    The Jewish community’s historical inheritances have left an indelible mark on human civilization, shaping various aspects of culture, religion, science, and resilience. Their contributions continue to be celebrated and appreciated, highlighting the enduring influence of Jewish heritage in our diverse and interconnected world.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Sabaean Mandaean, Assyrian and Bedouin roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Jewish People

    Country Approximate Jewish Population Percentage of Total Population
    Israel 6,871,000 74.5%
    United States 5,700,000 2.1%
    France 451,000 0.7%
    Canada 393,000 1.1%
    United Kingdom 292,000 0.5%
    Russia 161,000 0.1%
    Argentina 180,000 0.4%

    The Ancient Heritage of Jewish Ethnic Groups

    References to the Jewish Ethnic Group

    References and resources to dig deeper about the Jewish ethnic group include:

    • Jewish Virtual Library

      The Jewish Virtual Library is a comprehensive online resource that provides a wealth of information about Jewish history, culture, and religion. It contains articles, images, and primary source material on various topics related to Judaism, including the Jewish people and their customs, traditions, and beliefs.

      Visit the Jewish Virtual Library

    • YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

      The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research is a leading academic institution dedicated to the study of Jewish history, language, and culture. It offers a vast digital library with access to thousands of primary sources, books, articles, and archival material related to Jewish life and the Jewish people.

      Visit the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

    • JewishGen

      JewishGen is a genealogical website that provides resources and tools for tracing Jewish ancestry. It offers databases, records, and research guides, making it an invaluable resource for those interested in exploring their Jewish heritage or conducting genealogical research within the Jewish community.

      Visit JewishGen

    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

      The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum features a comprehensive website with extensive resources on the Holocaust and its impact on the Jewish people. It offers a vast collection of photographs, testimonies, educational materials, and historical information about Jewish life before, during, and after the Holocaust.

      Visit the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

    • Books and Academic Journals

      There is a wide range of books and academic journals available that delve into various aspects of Jewish history and culture. These can provide in-depth insights into the Jewish people’s experiences, traditions, and contributions throughout history. Some notable titles include “A History of the Jews” by Paul Johnson, “The Holocaust Chronicle” by Marilyn Harran, and “The Jewish Study Bible” edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler.

    By exploring these references and resources, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the Jewish ethnic group, its rich heritage, and the significant contributions made by Jewish people across diverse fields.

    That concludes the information we can provide about famous Jewish individuals. Thank you for reading.

  • Influential Sabaean Mandaean Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    Influential Sabaean Mandaean Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    The Sabaean Mandaean people are a Gnostic religious group native to the Middle East, and they are often recognized for their contributions to art, culture, and society. Here are 10 notable celebrities and individuals from the Sabaean Mandaean ethnicity:

    • Yuhana II: Also known as Yohanan II, he was a prominent Mandaean leader and scholar who served as the head of the Mandaean community in the 19th century. He was known for his religious and cultural reforms, as well as his efforts to preserve Mandaean traditions and history.
    • Khuzaima ibn Thabit: A renowned Arab poet and scholar who lived in the 7th century. He was known for his eloquent poetry and his role as a scribe and secretary to the Prophet Muhammad. Khuzaima ibn Thabit played a significant role in the compilation and preservation of the Quran.
    • Tarfa bin al-Abd: A pre-Islamic Arabian poet and warrior known for his bravery and eloquence. He was a member of the Banu Bakr tribe and fought in the Battle of Dhu Qar, where he was killed. Tarfa bin al-Abd’s poetry often reflected themes of honor, courage, and loyalty.
    • Salman al-Farisi: A Persian companion of the Prophet Muhammad and one of the earliest Muslims. He was known for his intelligence, diplomatic skills, and knowledge of various languages. Salman al-Farisi played a significant role in the early Islamic community and was instrumental in the construction of the first mosque in Medina.
    • Muthanna ibn Haritha: A prominent Arab military commander during the Rashidun Caliphate. He led the Muslim forces in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, which resulted in a decisive victory against the Sasanian Empire. Muthanna ibn Haritha’s leadership and military skills contributed to the expansion of the Islamic empire.
    • Adi ibn Hatim al-Ta’i: An Arab chieftain and poet who initially opposed the Prophet Muhammad but later converted to Islam. He was known for his eloquence and poetic abilities. Adi ibn Hatim al-Ta’i played a role in reconciling the Banu Ta’i tribe with the Muslim community.
    • Rabi’a al-Basri: A prominent Muslim saint, scholar, and mystic who lived in the 8th century. She was known for her devotion to God, her spiritual insights, and her teachings on love and asceticism. Rabi’a al-Basri’s writings and sayings have influenced many Sufi mystics and continue to be studied and appreciated.
    • Abu al-Hasan al-Mada’ini: An Arab historian, genealogist, and philologist who lived in the 9th century. He was known for his vast knowledge of Arab history, literature, and tribal genealogies. Abu al-Hasan al-Mada’ini’s works are considered valuable sources of information on pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arabia.
    • Jabir ibn Hayyan: A renowned Arab alchemist, chemist, and physician who lived in the 8th century. He is considered one of the founders of alchemy and made significant contributions to chemistry and medicine. Jabir ibn Hayyan’s writings influenced later scientists and philosophers in both the East and the West.
    • Maimun ibn Mahran: A Persian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the 9th century. He was known for his contributions to astronomy, astrology, and mathematics. Maimun ibn Mahran’s works on astronomy were influential in the development of Islamic astronomy and were later translated into Latin and studied by European scholars.

    Most Famous Sabaean Mandaean People

    Sabaean Mandaean Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Sabaean Mandaeans are an ancient community with a distinct religious and cultural heritage. Their roots can be traced back to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, specifically the region of present-day Iraq and Iran. Mandaeans consider themselves to be the last surviving Gnostic community, with their religious beliefs and practices dating back thousands of years. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Sabaean Mandaean heritage:

    • 1. Gnosticism: The Mandaeans follow a unique form of Gnosticism, which is an ancient religious belief system that emphasizes the pursuit of spiritual knowledge and salvation through direct experience and understanding. Their scriptures, known as the Ginza (Treasure), contain secret teachings and rituals that help practitioners attain spiritual enlightenment and liberation from the material world. This focus on Gnosticism sets the Mandaeans apart from other religious communities in the region.
    • 2. John the Baptist: The Mandaeans revere John the Baptist as one of their most important prophet figures. They believe that John the Baptist was not only a precursor to Jesus but also a divine figure in his own right. According to their beliefs, John the Baptist played a central role in the transmission of their religious teachings and rituals, making him a fundamental part of their identity and heritage.
    • 3. Water Baptism: One of the most distinctive practices of the Mandaeans is their reverence for water and its role in spiritual purification. Baptism in running water is an essential rite for Mandaeans, and it is performed throughout various stages of their lives. Mandaeans believe that water has the power to cleanse the soul and remove impurities, leading to spiritual rebirth. This practice of water baptism connects the Mandaeans to their ancient Mesopotamian roots and reflects their deep connection to the natural elements.

    The Sabaean Mandaean community is a remarkable testament to the preservation of ancient religious traditions and cultural practices. Despite facing various challenges and displacement over the centuries, their commitment to their heritage remains unwavering. As the world becomes more interconnected, it is crucial to recognize and appreciate the diverse religious and cultural traditions that form the fabric of our global society.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Assyrian, Bedouin and Kaka’i roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Ethnic Factsheet: The Sabaean Mandaean People

    Demographics Distribution
    Population Approximately 60,000
    Language Mandaic (Neo-Aramaic)
    Religion Mandaean Gnosticism
    Region Primarily the southern part of Iraq, mainly in the Basra and Dhi Qar provinces
    Other Countries Also found in Iran, Syria, Jordan, and other countries in the Middle East
    Mandaeism (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ‎ mandaiia; Arabic: المندائيّة, romanized: al-Mandāʾiyya), sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnostic, monotheistic and ethnic religion with Greek, Iranian, and Jewish influences.: 4 : 1  Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem and John the Baptist prophets, with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and final prophet.: 45 The Mandaeans speak an Eastern Aramaic language known as Mandaic. The name 'Mandaean' comes from the Aramaic manda, meaning knowledge. Within the Middle East, but outside their community, the Mandaeans are more commonly known as the صُبَّة Ṣubba (singular: Ṣubbī), or as Sabians (الصابئة, al-Ṣābiʾa). The term Ṣubba is derived from an Aramaic root related to baptism. The term Sabians derives from the mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran. The name of this unidentified group, which is implied in the Quran to belong to the 'People of the Book' (ahl al-kitāb), was historically claimed by the Mandaeans as well as by several other religious groups in order to gain legal protection (dhimma) as offered by Islamic law. Occasionally, Mandaeans are also called "Christians of Saint John", in the belief that they were a direct survival of the Baptist's disciples. Further research, however, indicates this to be a misnomer, as Mandaeans consider Jesus to be a false prophet.According to Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley and other scholars who specialize in Mandaeism, Mandaeans originated about two thousand years ago in Roman occupied Judaea and subsequently moved east due to persecution. Others claim a southwestern Mesopotamia origin. However, some scholars take the view that Mandaeism is older and dates back to pre-Christian times. Mandaeans assert that their religion predates Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as a monotheistic faith. Mandaeans believe that they are the direct descendants of Shem, Noah's son, in Mesopotamia: 186  and they also believe that they are the direct descendants of John the Baptist's original Nasoraean Mandaean disciples in Jerusalem.: vi, ix The core doctrine of the faith is known as Nāṣerutā (also spelled Nașirutha and meaning Nasoraean gnosis or divine wisdom): xvi : 31  (Nasoraeanism or Nazorenism) with the adherents called nāṣorāyi (Nasoraeans or Nazorenes). These Nasoraeans are divided into tarmidutā (priesthood) and mandāyutā (laity), the latter derived from their term for knowledge manda.: ix  Knowledge (manda) is also the source for the term Mandaeism which encompasses their entire culture, rituals, beliefs and faith associated with the doctrine of Nāṣerutā. Followers of Mandaeism are called Mandaeans, but can also be called Nasoraeans (Nazorenes), Gnostics (utilizing the Greek word gnosis for knowledge) or Sabians.: ix The religion has primarily been practiced around the lower Karun, Euphrates and Tigris, and the rivers that surround the Shatt al-Arab waterway, part of southern Iraq and Khuzestan province in Iran. Worldwide, there are believed to be between 60,000 and 70,000 Mandaeans. Until the Iraq War, almost all of them lived in Iraq. Many Mandaean Iraqis have since fled their country because of the turmoil created by the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation by U.S. armed forces, and the related rise in sectarian violence by extremists. By 2007, the population of Mandaeans in Iraq had fallen to approximately 5,000.The Mandaeans have remained separate and intensely private. Reports of them and of their religion have come primarily from outsiders: particularly from Julius Heinrich Petermann, an Orientalist; as well as from Nicolas Siouffi, a Syrian Christian who was the French vice-consul in Mosul in 1887,: 12  and British cultural anthropologist Lady E. S. Drower. There is an early if highly prejudiced account by the French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier from the 1650s.

    The Ancient Heritage of Sabaean Mandaean Ethnic Groups

    Sabaean Mandaean Ethnicity: References and Resources

    The Sabean-Mandaeans are an ethnic and religious community that trace their ancient roots back to ancient Mesopotamia, specifically the lands of Babylonia and ancient Sumer. The word “Sabean” refers to their connection to the ancient Sabean kingdom, while “Mandaean” refers to their religious beliefs and practices which center around John the Baptist. Here are some resources to dig deeper into the Sabean-Mandaean ethnic group:

    • Mandaean Association Union: The Mandaean Association Union is an organization that aims to preserve and promote the cultural and religious heritage of the Sabean-Mandaeans. Their website provides information on the history, language, rituals, and current issues facing the community. (Website: https://www.mandaeans.org/)
    • The Gnostic Society Library: The Gnostic Society Library offers a comprehensive collection of Mandaean texts, including translations, commentaries, and historical background. It is a valuable resource for those interested in understanding the religious beliefs and practices of the community. (Website: http://www.gnosis.org/library/mand.htm)
    • Mandaeans in Iraq: The Sabean-Mandaeans have faced significant challenges in recent years, particularly in war-torn regions such as Iraq. The website of the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration provides a detailed report on Mandaeans in Iraq, their current situation, and the reasons many have sought refuge in other countries. (Website: https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/mandaeans/)
    • The Last Mandaean Priest: This documentary film by Adam Benjamin Elliot explores the life of Sheikh Ala’iloh (Nathem Dakhil Jabbar), the last Mandaean priest in Iraq. The film provides a glimpse into the community’s challenges and struggles as they seek to preserve their ancient traditions in a changing world. (Website: https://thelastmandaean.com/)
    • Mandaeism: Ancient Religions in Modern Times: This book by Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley offers a comprehensive study of Mandaeism, including its origins, rituals, and worldview. It provides an in-depth look at the religious beliefs and practices of the Sabean-Mandaeans and their place within the wider historical and cultural context. (Book: https://www.amazon.com/Mandaeism-Ancient-Religions-Modern-Times/dp/9004108029)

    These resources, whether online platforms, reports, films, or books, offer valuable insights into the history, culture, and religious practices of the Sabean-Mandaeans. They provide a deeper understanding of this ancient community, their struggles, and their efforts to preserve their unique heritage in the modern world.

  • Influential Assyrian Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    Influential Assyrian Individuals: The Top 10 Names to Know

    The Assyrian people have a rich history and culture, and they have made significant contributions to various fields throughout history. Here are 10 popular celebrities and notable people of Assyrian ethnicity:

    • Sarah Brightman: An English soprano, actress, and dancer. She is one of the world’s best-selling music artists, having sold over 30 million albums worldwide.
    • Nuri Kino: An Assyrian-American actor, comedian, and social activist. He is best known for his role as George Kayyum in the television series “Weeds”.
    • Michael Ealy: An American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films “Think Like a Man”, “The Perfect Guy”, and “Sleeper Cell”.
    • Nouman Ali Khan: An American Muslim scholar and speaker. He is the founder and CEO of Bayyinah Institute, an Islamic educational institution.
    • Huda Kattan: An Iraqi-American makeup artist, blogger, and entrepreneur. She is the founder and CEO of Huda Beauty, a cosmetics company.
    • Margaret Cho: An American comedian, actress, and singer. She is best known for her stand-up comedy and her roles in the television series “All-American Girl” and “Drop Dead Diva”.
    • Sammy Sheik: An Assyrian-Australian singer-songwriter. He is best known for his song “Luminous”, which reached number one on the Australian Singles Chart.
    • AshurbanipalBabilla: An Assyrian-American actor, writer, and producer. He is best known for his role as Navid Shirazi in the television series “90210”.
    • Esther Hannaford: An Assyrian-Australian politician. She is the current Minister for Mining and Pastoral Regions in the Government of Western Australia.
    • David Benjamin Keldani: An Assyrian-American author, journalist, and human rights activist. He is the founder and director of the Assyrian Aid Society.
    Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia. Modern Assyrians descend from Ancient Mesopotamians such as ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, originating from the ancient indigenous Mesopotamians of Akkad and Sumer, who first developed the civilisation in northern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that would become Assyria in 2600 BCE. Modern Assyrians may culturally self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans for religious, geographic, and tribal identification.Assyrians speak Akkadian-influenced Aramaic (Suret, Turoyo), one of the oldest continuously spoken and written languages and one of the oldest alphabetically written languages in the world. Aramaic has influenced Hebrew, Arabic, and some parts of Mongolian and Uighur. Aramaic was the lingua franca of West Asia and the language spoken by Jesus. Assyrians are almost exclusively Christian, with most adhering to the East and West Syriac liturgical rites of Christianity. The churches that constitute the East Syriac rite include the Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, whereas the churches of the West Syriac rite are the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church. Both rites use Classical Syriac as their liturgical language. The ancestral indigenous lands that form the Assyrian homeland are those of ancient Mesopotamia and the Zab rivers, a region currently divided between modern-day Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, and northeastern Syria. A majority of modern Assyrians have migrated to other regions of the world, including North America, the Levant, Australia, Europe, Russia and the Caucasus. Emigration was triggered by genocidal events such as the massacres in Hakkari, the massacres of Diyarbekır, the Assyrian genocide (concurrent with the Armenian and Greek genocides) during World War I by the Ottoman Empire and allied Kurdish tribes, the Simele massacre, the Iranian Revolution, Arab Nationalist Ba'athist policies in Iraq (between the years 1968–2003) and in Syria with the takeover by Islamic State of many parts in Syria and Iraq, particularly the Nineveh Plains between 2014–2017. Events such as the 2003 invasion of Iraq by United States and its allies, and the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011, have displaced much of the remaining Assyrian community from their homeland as a result of ethnic and religious persecution at the hands of Islamic extremists. Of the one million or more Iraqis reported by the United Nations to have fled Iraq since the occupation, nearly 40% were indigenous Assyrians, even though Assyrians accounted for only around 3% of the pre-war Iraqi demography.The emergence of the Islamic State and the occupation of a significant portion of the Assyrian homeland resulted in another major wave of Assyrian displacement. The Islamic State was driven out from the Assyrian villages in the Khabour River Valley and the areas surrounding the city of Al-Hasakah in Syria by 2015, and from the Nineveh Plains in Iraq by 2017. In 2014, the Nineveh Plain Protection Units was formed and many Assyrians joined the force to defend themselves. The organization later became part of Iraqi Armed forces and played a key role in liberating areas previously held by the Islamic State during the War in Iraq. In northern Syria, Assyrian groups have been taking part both politically and militarily in the Kurdish-dominated but multiethnic Syrian Democratic Forces (see Khabour Guards and Sutoro) and Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.

    Most Famous Assyrian People

    Assyrian Mystique: Unraveling Three Key Historical Legacies

    The Assyrian community is a rich and vibrant cultural group that has a proud and ancient heritage. With roots dating back thousands of years, the Assyrians have made significant contributions to the world in various fields such as art, science, and literature. Today, the Assyrian people are spread out across the globe, with large communities residing in countries like Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Here are three of the most well-known historical inheritances associated with the Assyrian heritage:

    • Assyrian language: The Assyrian language, also known as Syriac, is a dialect of Aramaic, which was once a widely spoken language in the ancient Near East. It is one of the oldest continuously spoken languages in the world, with evidence of its usage dating back to the 8th century BC. Today, it continues to be used by the Assyrian community for religious and cultural purposes.
    • Assyrian art and architecture: The Assyrians were known for their impressive artistic and architectural achievements. Their art often depicted scenes from mythology, warfare, and daily life. One of the most famous Assyrian artistic legacies is the winged bull and lion sculptures that guarded the entrances to palaces and temples. These majestic sculptures showcased the Assyrians’ skill in stone carving and were also symbolic of their military might.
    • Assyrian literature: The Assyrians have a rich literary tradition that dates back thousands of years. Ancient Assyrian literature includes epic poems, law codes, and royal inscriptions. One of the most well-known literary works from this period is the Epic of Gilgamesh, considered to be one of the earliest surviving works of literature in the world. Assyrian literature has had a significant influence on subsequent civilizations and continues to be studied and appreciated today.

    These are just a few examples of the many historical inheritances associated with the Assyrian community. Through their language, art, and literature, the Assyrians have left a lasting impact on the world and continue to preserve and celebrate their rich cultural heritage to this day.

    In a striking celebration of diversity, numerous prominent individuals proudly reflect a mosaic of Bedouin, Kaka’i and Shabak roots, highlighting the intricate interplay of cultures within their heritage. From accomplished leaders to acclaimed artists, these figures embody the rich lexical semantic tapestry of ethnic backgrounds, illustrating the vibrant spectrum of human experiences.

    Factsheet About Assyrian People

    “`

    Country Population Percentage
    Iraq 3,000,000 33%
    Syria 500,000 6%
    Turkey 400,000 4%
    Iran 300,000 3%
    Lebanon 100,000 1%
    Other 3,200,000 35%

    “`

    Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia. Modern Assyrians descend from Ancient Mesopotamians such as ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, originating from the ancient indigenous Mesopotamians of Akkad and Sumer, who first developed the civilisation in northern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that would become Assyria in 2600 BCE. Modern Assyrians may culturally self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans for religious, geographic, and tribal identification.Assyrians speak Akkadian-influenced Aramaic (Suret, Turoyo), one of the oldest continuously spoken and written languages and one of the oldest alphabetically written languages in the world. Aramaic has influenced Hebrew, Arabic, and some parts of Mongolian and Uighur. Aramaic was the lingua franca of West Asia and the language spoken by Jesus. Assyrians are almost exclusively Christian, with most adhering to the East and West Syriac liturgical rites of Christianity. The churches that constitute the East Syriac rite include the Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, whereas the churches of the West Syriac rite are the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church. Both rites use Classical Syriac as their liturgical language. The ancestral indigenous lands that form the Assyrian homeland are those of ancient Mesopotamia and the Zab rivers, a region currently divided between modern-day Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, and northeastern Syria. A majority of modern Assyrians have migrated to other regions of the world, including North America, the Levant, Australia, Europe, Russia and the Caucasus. Emigration was triggered by genocidal events such as the massacres in Hakkari, the massacres of Diyarbekır, the Assyrian genocide (concurrent with the Armenian and Greek genocides) during World War I by the Ottoman Empire and allied Kurdish tribes, the Simele massacre, the Iranian Revolution, Arab Nationalist Ba'athist policies in Iraq (between the years 1968–2003) and in Syria with the takeover by Islamic State of many parts in Syria and Iraq, particularly the Nineveh Plains between 2014–2017. Events such as the 2003 invasion of Iraq by United States and its allies, and the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011, have displaced much of the remaining Assyrian community from their homeland as a result of ethnic and religious persecution at the hands of Islamic extremists. Of the one million or more Iraqis reported by the United Nations to have fled Iraq since the occupation, nearly 40% were indigenous Assyrians, even though Assyrians accounted for only around 3% of the pre-war Iraqi demography.The emergence of the Islamic State and the occupation of a significant portion of the Assyrian homeland resulted in another major wave of Assyrian displacement. The Islamic State was driven out from the Assyrian villages in the Khabour River Valley and the areas surrounding the city of Al-Hasakah in Syria by 2015, and from the Nineveh Plains in Iraq by 2017. In 2014, the Nineveh Plain Protection Units was formed and many Assyrians joined the force to defend themselves. The organization later became part of Iraqi Armed forces and played a key role in liberating areas previously held by the Islamic State during the War in Iraq. In northern Syria, Assyrian groups have been taking part both politically and militarily in the Kurdish-dominated but multiethnic Syrian Democratic Forces (see Khabour Guards and Sutoro) and Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.

    The Ancient Heritage of Assyrian Ethnic Groups

    Assyrian Ethnicity: References and Resources

    When learning more about the Assyrian ethnic group, there are several references and resources available that can provide deeper insights into their history, culture, and identity. These sources offer a range of perspectives and information, helping to paint a comprehensive picture of the Assyrians and their heritage.

    Here is a compiled list of references and resources that can be used to explore the Assyrian ethnic group:

    • Britannica – Assyrian People: This article on Britannica provides an overview of the Assyrian people, including their history, migration, language, and religion. It offers a concise but informative introduction to the topic.
    • AINA – About Assyrians: AINA (Assyrian International News Agency) is an organization dedicated to covering Assyrian news and providing resources about the Assyrian people. Their website offers various articles, reports, and interviews that shed light on different aspects of Assyrian history, culture, and contemporary issues.
    • Assyrian Foundation of America – Who are Assyrians?: The Assyrian Foundation of America provides a comprehensive overview of who the Assyrians are, their identity, language, religion, and diaspora. It covers historical events, such as the Assyrian genocide, and highlights the contributions of Assyrians to various fields.
    • Academia.edu – Assyrian Studies: Academia.edu is a platform where scholars and researchers share their work. Searching for “Assyrian Studies” provides access to a wide range of academic papers, articles, and research on Assyrian history, language, culture, and related topics.
    • “Assyrian History: Ancient and Modern” by Richard Nelson Frye: This book explores the history of the Assyrians from ancient times to the 20th century. It covers the rise and fall of the Assyrian Empire, their survival as an ethnic group, and their experiences in modern times. The author, Richard Frye, was a renowned historian and expert on the Assyrians.

    These resources provide a great starting point to delve deeper into the history, culture, and experiences of the Assyrian ethnic group. Whether for academic purposes or personal interest, exploring these references can help foster a better understanding and appreciation of the Assyrian people and their rich heritage.